Dr. Fraser Ch. 6 Psych Terms 1/2

Front 1

avoidance conditioning

Back 1

a type of learning in which an organism responds to a signal in a way that avoids exposure to an aversive stimulus

Front 2

classical conditioning

Back 2

a procedure in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits a reflex or other response until the neutral stimulus alone comes to elicit a similar response

Front 3

conditional response

Back 3

in classical conditioning, the response that the conditioned stimulus elicits

Front 4

condtitional stimulus

Back 4

in classical conditioning, the orginally neutral stimulus that, through pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, comes to elicit a conditioned response

Front 5

descriminative stimulus

Back 5

stimuli that signal whether reinforcement is available if a certain response is made.

Front 6

escape conditioning

Back 6

a type of learning in which an organism learns to make a particular response in order to terminate an aversive stimulus.

Front 7

extinction

Back 7

a gradual disappearance of a conditioned response or operant behavior due to elimination eith of the assosciation between and unconditioned and conditioned stimuli or of rewards for certain behaviors

Front 8

habituation

Back 8

the process of adapting to stimuli that do not change

Front 9

instrumental conditioning

Back 9

a process through which responses are learned that help produce some rewarding or desired effect.

Front 10

law of effect

Back 10

a law stating that if a response made in the presence of a particular stimulus is followed by a reward, that same response is more to likely to be made the next time the stimulus is encountered. Responses that are not rewarded are less likely to be performed again.

Front 11

learning

Back 11

the modification through experience of preexisting behavior and understanding

Front 12

negative reinforcers

Back 12

unpleasant stimuli, such as pain.

Front 13

operant

Back 13

a response that has some effect on the world; it is a response that operates on the environment in some way.

Front 14

operant conditioning

Back 14

instrumental conditioning

Front 15

positive reinforcers

Back 15

stimuli that strengthen a response if they follow that response

Front 16

punishment

Back 16

the presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasant stimulus

Front 17

reconditioning

Back 17

the relearning of a conditioned response following extinction

Front 18

reinforcer

Back 18

a stimulus event that increases the probability that the response that immediately preceded it will occur again.

Front 19

second-order conditioning

Back 19

a phenomenon in learning when a conditioned stimulus acts like a UCS, creating conditioned stimuli out of events assosciated with it

Front 20

spontaneous recovery

Back 20

the reappearance of the conditioned response after extinction and without further pairings of the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

Front 21

stimulus discrimination

Back 21

a process through which individuals learn to diferentiate among similar stimuli and respond appropriately to each one

Front 22

stimulus generalization

Back 22

a phenomenon in which a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus

Front 23

unconditioned stimulus

Back 23

in classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits a response without conditioning

Front 24

unconditioned response

Back 24

in classical conditioning, the automatic or unlearned reaction to a stimulus