Dr. Bruce Robinson Imaging Studies Part Ii

Front 1

the first x-ray was invented in

Back 1

1895

by wilhelm roentgen

Front 2

CT scans were introduced in

Back 2

1980

Front 3

there are 75 million CT scans per year in the US (1 for every 4 people);

some oncologists attribute ___% of new cancers to CT scans

Back 3

1%

Front 4

to understand x-rays and other imaging studies, one must understand

Back 4

the electromagnetic spectrum

Front 5

images are generally taken in standard planes.... (3)_____

Back 5

frontal (coronal)
sagittal
horizontal (axial; transverse)

Front 6

why are MRIs considered safer than CTs

Back 6

MRIs do not use ionizing x-rays,

they create a high-powered magnetic field within the body

Front 7

MRIs polarize the trillions of nuclei in the body, focusing on _______ in all the ______ molecules

Back 7

hydrogen,
in
water

Front 8

T/F

MRIs are cheaper than CT scans

Back 8

False

Front 9

T/F

MRIs are more expensive but safer and produce a more detailed image

Back 9

True

Front 10

CT scans are better at analyzing ________

Back 10

parenchymal disease in lung and other organ tissues

Front 11

MRIs are better for _______disorders

Back 11

musculoskeletal

Front 12

perfusion lung scan (Q scan)

Back 12

a radioisotope is injected into bloodstream...

shows blockages in pulmonary vessels

(especially pulmonary embolism)

Front 13

ventilation lung scan (V scan)

Back 13

radioisotope gas (xenon) is breathed in...

documents poorly ventilated/unventilated areas in respiratory tree

Front 14

Pulmonary embolism shows:

normal/abnormal Q scan?
normal/abnormal V scan?

Back 14

abnormal Q scan
normal V scan

Front 15

Parenchymal lung consolidation, such as Pneumonia shows:

normal/abnormal Q scan?
normal/abnormal V scan?

Back 15

normal Q scan
abnormal V scan

Front 16

gold standard test for pulmonary embolism?

Back 16

pulmonary angiogram

esp. in difficult to diagnose patients w/lung disease + pulmonary embolism

Front 17

CT angiograms have largely replaced pulmonary arteriograms because...

Back 17

the dye can be injected into a peripheral vein instead of passing a catheter into jugular, subclavian or femoral vein

Front 18

PET scan?

Back 18

positron emission tomography scan

Front 19

PET scans show areas of greatest _______ activity at a certain point in time

Back 19

brain

Front 20

SPECT scans

Back 20

Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

precise body images in slices...

Front 21

SPECT scans give off ____ ray, whereas PET scans give off _____ ray

Back 21

SPECT: single gamma ray

PET: double gamma ray

Front 22

SPECT scans are especially good for studying ______

Back 22

epilepsy

Front 23

SPECT scans are often used to study _________

Back 23

blood flow

Front 24

PET scans diffuse better in solid tissue, whereas SPECT scans show ______

Back 24

active blood flow

(in terms of which tissues are taking up the most nutrients)

Front 25

fMRI scans measure brain activity by detecting changes in ________

Back 25

blood flow

Front 26

The primary form of fMRI uses the _________ contrast technique.

Back 26

blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD)

Front 27

fMRI a type of specialized scan used to map neural activity by showing __________

Back 27

change in blood flow (hemodynamic response)

oxygen utilization

Front 28

fMRI is "the wave of the future" because...

Back 28

people are not exposed to radiation

Front 29

fMRI:
the presence of _____ changes the magnetization which gives the changes in color in the image

Back 29

oxygen

Front 30

the ________ cortex is more active in those contemplating lying

Back 30

prefrontal cortex

Front 31

fMRI is used in lie detection

t/f

Back 31

True,

2 companies were set up:

No Lie MRI,
and
Cephos Corporation

$5000 per test

Front 32

wernicke's area

Back 32

language reception area of the brain

Front 33

broca's area

Back 33

speech production area

Front 34

what is bronchoscopy

Back 34

bronchial washing and cellular analysis

Front 35

bronchoscopy is used for

Back 35

biopsies of suspicious lesions

removal of foreign bodies (insects, food, etc)

Front 36

Colposcopy

Back 36

vagina imaging

Front 37

cystoscopy

Back 37

bladder imaging

Front 38

ERCP

Back 38

endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

Front 39

MRCP

Back 39

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

Front 40

ERCP is used primarily to diagnose and treat

Back 40

conditions of the bile ducts, including gallstones, inflammatory strictures (scars), leaks (from trauma and surgery), and cancer.

Front 41

MRCP uses MRI imaging to show...

Back 41

the biliary and pancreatic ducts in a non-invasive manner

Front 42

MRCP is primarily used for

Back 42

gallstones

Front 43

difference btwn endoscopy and virtual endoscopy

Back 43

same prep, but

ct scanner used to create image... non-invasive

Front 44

t/f

virtual colonoscopy is as accurate as standard colonoscopy

Back 44

false

Front 45

ultrasound studies are...

Back 45

Very high frequency sound waves are bounced off anatomic structures within the body and analyzed pictographically
(5 to10 million cycles per second)