Dppp 370 Ch. 3

Front 1

Eukaryotic cell

Back 1

plants, animals, fungi
have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Hint 1

same basic structure
cells can eb specialized to perform particular functions
muscle cells

Front 2

Prokaryotic cells

Back 2

bacteria, archaea
no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles

Front 3

Cell size

Back 3

must be small in order to function

Hint 3

smaller the cell greater the surface are to volume ratio
>surface area to vol. ratio=more efficient
determines nutrients in to waste out

Front 4

Cell membranes

Back 4

regulates the substances allowed in and out of the cells between the cell organelles and cytosol

detect chem messengers arriving at the cell surface

Hint 4

link adjacent cells together by membrane junctions

anchor cells to the extracellular matrix

Front 5

Cell membranes-structure

Back 5

Basic- fluid-mosaic model
phospholipid bilayer intersperesed with protein and cholesterol molecules

Hint 5

Phospholipids are amphipathic

flexible like olive oil

Front 6

Integral proteins

Back 6

amphipathic

bound to hydrophobic interior the phospholipid bilayer

Hint 6

may or may not extend from one side o the membrane to the other

Front 7

Peripheral proteins

Back 7

bound to the interior or exterior surface of the membrane, usually to integral proteins

Hint 7

most often on cytosolic
shape and motility

Front 8

Glycocalyx

Back 8

carbohdydrate chains on some proteins and lipids attached to the cytoplasmic surface

Hint 8

fingerprint provides cell identity enables cells to interalce with each other

Front 9

Cholesterol

Back 9

found only in animal cell membranes

reduces membrane permeability
keeps membrane at optimal level of fluidity
involved in vesicle formation

Front 10

Integrins

Back 10

transmembrane proteins that bind to specific proteins in extracellular matrix
link to membrane proteins on adajecent cells

Hint 10

holds cells together

Front 11

Tight junctions

Back 11

join epithelial cells
no extracellular space between cells

Hint 11

substances have to go through selectively permiable membrane
can't sneak in

Front 12

Desmosomes

Back 12

sporived spot like adhesions between adjacent cells
-stability, resists seperation
- skin

Hint 12

dense plaques on cytoplasmic side of membrane anchor intermediate filaments

cadherins- exten into the extracellular space and bind adjacent cells to each other like a zipper

Front 13

Gap junction

Back 13

found in cardiac muscle
allow direct communication between cells resulting in coordinated cellular activity

Hint 13

formed by channels/pores (bridge) connexons attache to each other and open and close like a gate

Front 14

Nucleus

Back 14

storage and transmission of genetic informatino to the next generation of cells

Hint 14

Structure
nuclear envelope- contains nuclear pores
nucleolus- site of rRna and proteins
chromatin
nucleoplasm

Front 15

Ribosomes

Back 15

in cytoplasm-single or in chains

protein factories in cells
can be free ribosome released into cytosol
or attached to rER and transported to another organelle then on to the Golgi apparatus

Front 16

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

Back 16

near nucleus-membranel enclosed channels/flattend sacs called cisternae

Hint 16

protein processing
protein folding
quality control-defective proteins

Front 17

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER)

Back 17

network of membranous channels-no ribosomes

Hint 17

systhesis of lipids
detoxifies
releases calcium ions

Front 18

Golgi apparatus

Back 18

sorts proteins and then transports to necessary organelles

Hint 18

tiny sacs
recieves proteins from the rER
phosphates and carbohydrates can be added
distributes proteins withing vesicles to other parts of the cell or plasma membrane

Front 19

Transport vesicles

Back 19

transport pods

Hint 19

sends thing from one organelle to another with it can go to rER to Golgi and then Golgi can send it out

Front 20

early Endosomes

Back 20

relatively close to the plasma membrane

Hint 20

sorts vesicles either moves it on to the other organelles or it recycles it to the plasma membrane

Front 21

late endosomes

Back 21

located near Golgi apparatus and nucleus

Hint 21

transfer substances to lysosomes
some develop into lysosomes

Front 22

Mitochondria

Back 22

powerhouse of the cell
anerobic cellular respiration

Hint 22

site of Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorilation
also play role in lipids involved with hormones estrogen and testosterone

Front 23

Lysosomes

Back 23

fluid is acidic
breaks down boacteria dn the debri from dead cells that have been engulfed by a cell

Front 24

Peroxisomes

Back 24

generates H2O2
removes oxygen from substances such as lipids, alcohol, toxins

Hint 24

prevealent in lipid metabolizing cells
involved in breaking down fatty acids into 2 carbon fragments (to use in ATP generation)

Front 25

Cytoskeleton

Back 25

network of protein filaments that functions in supporting cell structhrue/shape, cell movement and transport of cellular materials

Hint 25

actin-smallest
intermediate- medium
microtubules- largest

Front 26

Actin filaments

Back 26

made up of 2 g-actin twisted to form f-actin

Hint 26

determin s cell shape, the abilty of cells to move by amoeboid-like movements, cell diveison, and muscle cell contraction

Front 27

Intermediate filaments

Back 27

composed of twisted strands of several different proteins

Hint 27

contribute to cell shape and help anchor the nucleus.

Front 28

Microtubules

Back 28

maintain cell shape
intracellular movement- monorails spindle fibers

Hint 28

cell movement
cilia flagella