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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the radiation/PD-3 Dosimeter measure? |
- provides dose rate monitoring and measure the amount of photon radiation otherwise known as gamma and x-ray radiation. - these are the high-energy penetrating rays |
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How do the dosimeters measure radiation? |
- measure radiation in REM - REM (roentgen equivalent man) indicates the dose as it relates to its ionizing effect on the biological cell (ability to harm living cells) - dosimeter will display in millirem (mr) until it reaches 1 REM (R). - will read accurately up to 500 R, it will detect in uR (microrem)
1 R (Rem) = 1000 mr (millirem) 1 mr (millirem) = 1000 uR (microrem) |
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What does the PD-3 dosimeter not do? |
- does not measure contamination or low energy radioactive particulate matter (alpha & beta particles)
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Where would you likely find alpha and beta radiation and how can you protect against it? |
- most likely found in a dirty bomb - very slow moving particles, cannot penetrate skin or clothing. - if ingested, inhaled or entered the body through open wound, can cause serious injury. |
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What is photon radiation and where is it found? |
- gamma and x-rays - can be found naturally from the earth or man made |
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Where can you find natural photon radiation? |
- Naturally emitted from the earth, from the decay of naturally occurring radioactive elements. - Radiation also travels here from space in wave form as Cosmic and Solar Radiation. - We are exposed to this type of “natural background radiation” every day.
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Where can you find man made photon radiation? |
- Radiation generated from medical x-ray equipment, as well as Nuclear medical procedures. - Industrial and commercial processes: Radiography, Ir-radiation, Nuclear power generationand Nuclear Weaponry, |
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What is the normal dose of radiation given off naturally? |
- The average yearly dose across the US from background radiation is 300 mr/yr (equal to 1 chest x-ray every 3 days) - average level of background radiation in O.C? .01 - .03 mr/hr or .24 - .72 mr/day
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What is the lethal dose of radiation? |
- 450 Rem or 450,000 mr w/o medical treatment, fatal withinn 30 days. - dose over 500 R will typically result in death within 30 days even with treatment. |
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What is significant about a radioactive atom? |
- A radioactive atom gives off or emits radioactivity because the nucleus has too many particles/energy. |
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What types of incidents can CO an HCN monitors be used for? |
- structure fires (overhaul phase) - vehicle fires - dupster fires - outside fires - whenever deemed necessary by IC *CO monitor for CO alarms |
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What type of monitors are the CO & HCN monitors? |
- Awareness monitors - more technical monitoring is the responsibility of the HAZMAT team. |
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Who gives the final permission to not wear an SCBA during overhaul phase? |
The IC in conjunction with the safety officer. |
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What are some general guidelines for the use of the CO & HCN monitors? |
- different depending on manufacturer - used for closed compartment fires (structure - outside fires (rubbish, vehicle) - turn monitors on in clean environment first - they are passive, meaning there is no pump to pull air in |
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What are the alarm levels for the CO & HCN monitors? |
CO - 25 ppm (1200 considered IDLH per OSHA can cause serious side effects). HCN - 5 ppm (50 ppm considered IDLH) |
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Testing/calibration and servicing the CO & HCN monitors? |
- Engineers shall turn on and test monitors weekly (turn on unit in clean environment, zero out and then power down) - monitors sent into Haz mat team for quarterly testing - life expectancy depends on manufacturer - servicing including battery replacement shall be done by sending into haz mat team. |
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What is Carbon monoxide? |
- A colorless and odorless gas that is produced by various sources, most readily, as a byproduct of incomplete combustion. - Immediately fatal at high concentration and a known Carcinogen |
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What is Hydrogen Cyanide? |
- A colorless deadly gas and byproduct of combustion present at nearly every fire. It is produced when synthetic materials are burned or heated. Immediately fatal at high concentration and a known Carcinogen. - Officially classified as Type 3 Flammable Liquid and Type 6 Poisonous Substance by DOT |
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Where are the AP2C detectors found? |
on the BC rigs |
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What are the AP2C used to detect? |
- detects sulphur & phosphorus atoms - used for chemical warfare agents - most common (sarin, mustard, VX) |
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What does OSHA say are acceptable levels of radiatin exposure? |
- 25 REM is acceptable for a snatch & grab/life safety if all known risks are known (quick exposure) - 10 REM for property conservation - 5 REM can work in
100 mr acceptable exposure |
