Dosage Forms Tablets Exam 3

Front 1

Dissolution Tests

Back 1

Dissolution tests measure the rate and extent of the drug in the tablet to go into solution

Particularly important test for drugs with limited water solubility (where dissolution is RLS for absorption)

Front 2

Rotating basket method

Back 2

The tablet is placed inside a stainless steel wire basket, which
is rotated at a fixed speed while immersed in a dissolution
medium (at body temperature) contained in a cylindrical
vessel.

Front 3

Paddle method

Back 3

Allow the dosage to sink to the bottom of the vessel.
Agitate the dissolution medium

Front 4

Why are basic drugs dissolved in 0.1 N HCl?

Back 4

Protonation/dissolution in the stomach

Front 5

Why are acidic drugs dissolved in pH 7 buffer?

Back 5

Deprotinated/ionized in small intestine

Front 6

What is the dissolution /edium for neutral drugs

Back 6

Water

Front 7

What do you want to avoid when swallowing an oral tablet/capsule?

Back 7

Esophageal Adhesion

Front 8

What can you do to help avoid esophageal adhesion?

Back 8

Wetting capsules with water or saliva can help swallowing. (sofens shell)

Do not crush or chew enteric coated tablets

Maintain dissolution stability by storing tablets under proper conditions

Front 9

How do you maintain dissolution stability with storage conditions?

Back 9

Maintain ability to dissolve by keeping medication tightly sealed and away from high heat and humidity.

Front 10

Why can esophageal adhesions be dangerous?

Back 10

following adhesion, drug will dissolve there. Decrease in water causes an increase in concentration, irritation, inflammation, and ulceration.

Front 11

What drugs are dangerous if involved in esophageal adhesion?

Back 11

Aspirin
NSAIDS
Tetracyclines
ferrous sulfate
KCl

Front 12

Factors predisposing to adhesions

Back 12

shape
size
surface properties
patient position - supine then inc risk
vol of water - if none, inc risk
disease

Front 13

Best way to take medications

Back 13

Take while standing. Take with a glassful of water and at least one hour before bedtime.

Front 14

Other types of tablets

Back 14

1. Buccal/Sublingual
2. Lozenges and Troches
3. Chewable
4. Vaginal inserts
5. Effervescent
6. Fast-dissolving

Front 15

How are lozenges and troches intended to dissolve?

Back 15

Intended to dissolve slowly (e.g., 30 minutes) in the mouth, usually for a local effect

Ex - for thrush

Front 16

How are lozenges prepared?

Back 16

Prepared and formulated like hard candy

Front 17

How are troches made?

Back 17

Compressed into a hard disc

Front 18

Chewable tablet disintegration

Back 18

Pleasant tasting and designed to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth

Front 19

How are chewable tablets prepared?

Back 19

By wet granulation and without a disintegrant

Chewing takes the place of a disintegrant

Front 20

What do chewable tablets usually have a lot of?

Back 20

High mannitol or xylitol content and flavorants.

Gives cooling sensation in mouth

Front 21

What are examples of chewable tablets?

Back 21

Vitamins
Antacids
Antibiotics

Front 22

How are Effervescent Tablets prepared?

Back 22

Prepared by compressing the drug with effervescent salt mixtures (e.g., sodium bicarbonate and citric
acid)

CO2 released

Front 23

How are effervescent tablets designed to be dissolved?

Back 23

In liquids prior to ingestion

Front 24

An example of effervescent tablets

Back 24

Effervescent KCl

Front 25

How are fast-dissolving tablets designed to disintegrate?

Back 25

Disintegrate rapidly and smoothly in the mouth before swallowing

Less than one minute

Front 26

Claims for fast-dissolving tablets

Back 26

Easier to take and swallow - typically no H2O needed but see label

Possible faster onset of action , but often not true

Front 27

Why is the faster onset of action not always true for fast-dissolve tabs?

Back 27

Drug dissolution can be rate limiting.

Drug particles may be coated

Front 28

Methods of formulation and and manufacture of fast-dissolving tabs in the US

Back 28

Different methods are used to produce tablets that imbibe in water very quickly.

1. Lyophilization
2. Direct compression w/ special disintegrants

Front 29

Lyophilization

Back 29

Freeze Drying
Leaves a very porous product

Sponge-like, tablets usually brittle, special packaging/handeling b/c they are hygroscopic

Front 30

Direct compression with disintegrants

Back 30

"Superdisintegrants"
Very hydrophilic and effervescent disintegrating

The CO2 released helps disintegration

Tablets must be well protected