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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Alginic Acid?
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gelling agent
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what gelling agent is this?
-obtained from seaweed -tasteless, odorless -swells in water -most common alginate:calcium alginate gel -used in food industry (Ice, cream, yogurt) A-carbomer b-xerogel c-gum arabic d-carbopol e-poloxamer f-gelatine g-gum tragacanth h-carboxymethyl cellulose I-plastibase j-methylcellulose k-bentonite magma |
alginic acid (gelling agent)
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what gelling agent is this?
-acrylic acid based polymer -gel viscosity is pH dependent -form acidic aqueous solutions -maximium of electrolytes can e added befor a rubbery mass form -addition of alcohol:viscosity decreases -used for oral suspensions, topical gels A-carbomer b-xerogel c-gum arabic d-carbopol e-poloxamer f-gelatine g-gum tragacanth h-carboxymethyl cellulose I-plastibase j-methylcellulose k-bentonite magma |
carbomer (single phase system- the gel mass consists of a network of large organic particles)
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viscosity of all cellulose derivatives is maintained over a wide pH range (3-11) except for _____
A-carbomer b-xerogel c-gum arabic d-carbopol e-poloxamer f-gelatine g-gum tragacanth h-carboxymethyl cellulose I-plastibase j-methylcellulose k-bentonite magma A-Methylcellulose b-hydroxyethylcellulose c-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose d-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) |
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
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which gelling agent is described?
-soluble in water at all temp -sensitive to pH, viscosity decreases <pH5 -stable b/t pH 7-9 -used in salad dressing and ice cream A-carbomer b-xerogel c-gum arabic d-carbopol e-poloxamer f-gelatine g-gum tragacanth h-carboxymethyl cellulose I-plastibase j-methylcellulose k-bentonite magma A-Methylcellulose b-hydroxyethylcellulose c-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose d-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) |
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
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What gelling agent has a highly branched B-galactose backbone
-molecular weight of 250000-750,000 -water soluble -viscosity affected by pH -used in foods to stabilize flavor emulsions -encapsulate flavors -water binding inhibit sugar crystallization -used in coke A-carbomer b-xerogel c-gum arabic d-carbopol e-poloxamer f-gelatine g-gum tragacanth h-carboxymethyl cellulose I-plastibase j-methylcellulose k-bentonite magma |
Gum Arabic (acacia senegal)
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Gum Tragacanth
Gum Arabic Gelatine Carboxymethyl cellulose plastibase poloxamers bentonite magma are all _____ |
gelling agents
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name this gelling agent:
-sap of several species of middle eastern legumes -polymer of galacturonic acid+galactose+galactose+arabinose+xylose -less common -high cost -acid stable A-Gum Tragacanth B-Gum Arabic C-Gelatine D-Carboxymethyl cellulose E-Plastibase f-poloxamers g-bentonite magma |
gum tragacanth
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__ is a protein produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the bones and connective tissues of animals sucha as the domesticated cattle, pigs, and horses
A-Gum Tragacanth B-Gum Arabic C-Gelatine D-Carboxymethyl cellulose E-plastibase f-poloxamers g-bentonite magma |
gelatine
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name that gelling agent:
-mixture of 5% low-molecular weight polyethylene and 95% mineral oil -mineral oil is immobilized in the network of entangled insoluble polyethylene chains -gel can be heated up to 60*C (140*F) without substantial loss of viscosity A-Gum Tragacanth B-Gum Arabic C-Gelatine D-Carboxymethyl cellulose E-Plastibase f-poloxamers g-bentonite magma |
plastibase
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name that gelling agent:
-trade name pluronics -nonionic block copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene flanked by 2 hydrophillic chains of polyoxyethylene -b.c the lenght of the polymer blocks can be customized, many different ___ exist that have slightly different properties A-Gum Tragacanth B-Gum Arabic C-Gelatine D-Carboxymethyl cellulose E-Plastibase f-poloxamers g-bentonite magma |
poloxamers
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name that MAGMAS!!! know this!
-hydrated aluminum silicate -___ususally formes from weathering of volcanic ash, most often in the presence of waer -preparation of 5% bentonite in water -thixotropic gel, swells 12x iits volume |
bentonite (50g bentonite, 1000mL purified water)
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Bentonite magma is a one or two phase system?
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two phase system (larger particle size)
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t/f
most gelling agents take time to completely hydrate and reach max viscosity |
true (24-48hrs)
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if gelling agent is added to the dispersing medium:afent tends to clump. HOw do you fix clumps?
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sieve the agent onto the surface of the medium as medium is stirring
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what gelling agent is NOT recommended for oral use?
A-methylcellulose 4000 B-carbomer 934P C-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose D-sodium hydroxide E-methylparaben F-CMC |
sodium hydroxide and methylparaben
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where should ointments, creams and pastes be stored?
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room temp, away from children, away from heat and direct sunlight
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what are all of these:
p-hydroxybenzoates, phenols, benzoic acid, sobic acid, quaternary ammonium salts, organic mercury compounds, |
preservatives of ointments
know quaternary ammonium salts and P-hydroxybenzoates |
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what are ammonium salts and P-hydroxybenzoates?
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preservatives of ointments , used when water is present
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t/f
topical solutions:aqueous vehicle |
true
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t/f
topical tincture:alcoholic vehicle |
true
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t/f
topical solutions:alcoholic vehicle |
false
topical solutions:aqueous vehicles |
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t/f
topical tincture:aqueous vehicle |
false
topical tinture:alcoholic vehicle |
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___ solid or semisolid spread upon backing for prolong contact with skin
A-tinctures B-plaster c-topical solutions d-gels e-ointments f-collodions |
plaster
eg. salicyclic acid plaster |
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____ soluble gum from cotton, found in collodions, obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton and consists chiefly of cellulose tetranitrate
A-iodine tincture B-green soap tincture C-pyroxylin D-salicylic acid E-povidone F-alumnium acetate |
pyroxylin
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___ is used as an adhesive to close small wounds and hold surgical dressings and topical medications
A-iodine tincture B-collodions C-calcium D-salicylic acid E-povidone F-alumnium acetate |
collodions
also, they contain pyroxylin which is a soluble gum from cotton, it is obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton and consists chiefly of cellulose tetranitrate |
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Wart medicine (compound W)
liquid bandage for minor cuts flammable all these characterize what? A-iodine tincture B-collodions C-calcium D-salicylic acid E-povidone F-alumnium acetate |
colloidions
also, they contain pyroxylin which is a soluble gum from cotton, it is obtained by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on cotton and consists chiefly of cellulose tetranitrate |
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what is the pH of a vagina
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4-5
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___ is naturally occuring bacteria that release a number of anti-microbial compounds (hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid)
A-natural immune defenses b-lactobacilli c-defensini d-cytokins |
lactobacilli
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____-epithelial cells, upon infection, synthesize antimicrobial molecules (defensins, cytokines) that recruit key immune cells
A-natural immune defenses b-monocytes c-pyroxylin d-collodions E-lactobacilli |
natural immune defenses
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t/f
an advantage of the vaginal route of administration is: a reduction in hepatic side effects of steroids used in hormone replacement therapy or contracetion |
true
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t/f
an advantage of the vaginal route of administration is: self-insertion and removal of the dosage form is possible |
true
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t/f
a dissadvantage of the vaginal route of administration is: it does not avoid the hepatic first-pass metabolism |
false
vaginal route of administration does avoid the hepatic first-pass metabolism |
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t/f
an advantage of the vaginal route of administration is: small surface area (30cm2) |
false, large surface area (60cm2)
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t/f
an advantage to vaginal route of administration is: drug potency is not an absorption factor |
false, absorption is limited to potent molecules
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t/f
a disadvantage to vaginal route of administration is: hormone dependent change(cyclical changes in the reproductive system) |
true
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what are the 3 disadvantages of vaginal route of administration?
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-limited to potent molecules
-adverse effects (locally irritating or sensitizing drugs) -hormone dependent changes (cyclical changes in the reproductive system) |
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three advantages to vaginal route administratoin?
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large surface area
rich blood supply=rapid absorption alternative when oral route is unfeasible the selfinsertion and removal of the dosage form is possible it overcomes the inconvenience caused by pain, tissue damage, and probably infection by other parenteral routs a reduction in hepatic side effects of steroids used in hormone replacement therapy or contraception a reduction in the incidence and severity of gastrointestinal side effects the avoidance of hepaic first ass matabolism |
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t/f
vaginal suppositories are used more widely nowadays than vaginal tablets |
false,
vaginal tablets are more widely used that vaginal suppositories |
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t/f
bioadhesive vaginal tablets: are controlled release drugs having only systemic effects |
false
bioadhesive vaginal tablets: are controlled release drugs having both local and systemic effects |
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___is a once-a-month birthcontrol contraceptive that contains a combination of the hormones ethinyl estradiol and etonogestrel
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nuvaring
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intrauterine progesterone drug delivery system releases and average of 60micrograms of ___ a day for one year
a-estrogen b-progesteron c-estradiol d-etongestrel e-dinoprostone |
progesterone
an advantage is there is no estrogen, hormonal action only at the uterus nuvaring releases estradiol and etonogestrel |
