Dosage Forms 2, Oral Pulm Inhalation Device, Test 3

Front 1

name 3 main types of pulm inhalation devices

Back 1

metered-dose inhalers

dry powder inhalers

nebulizers

Front 2

the most commonly prescribed pulmonary aerosol device

Back 2

Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers (pMDIs)

Front 3

the pMDI's is a ---- cannister containing mixture of drug, liquified ----, and ------

Back 3

pressurized

propellant

excipients

Front 4

upon actuation of the pMDI liquid is expelled in a ---- --- wih quickly becomes a ---- of fine droplets

Back 4

metered volume

mist

Front 5

4 essential components to an MDI

Back 5

1. container

2. metering valve

3. actuator

4. propellant

Front 6

of the 4 components of the MDI what will evaporate quickly

Back 6

propellant

Front 7

why are most containers aluminum

Back 7

they must be strong enough to hold the contents under pressure

15-30 mL

Front 8

what dictates dose

Back 8

metering valve

Front 9

the metering valve is attached to the container via the valve ----

Back 9

stem

Front 10

in which position should the MDI work

Back 10

inverted position

stem down

Front 11

the main function of the MDI is to ------ deliver a portion of the liquid phase of formulation

Back 11

reproducibly

Front 12

the MDI has a --- ---- of a specified vol, that empties upon acutation and --- there after.

Back 12

metering chamber

refills

this delivers a very accurate dose

Front 13

acutuator is most commonly - shaped.

it depresses the --- ---- and acts as the mouth piece

Back 13

L

valve stem

Front 14

propellants are ------- - based

Back 14

hydrocarbon

Front 15

propellants are ---- at ambient temp and pressure

Back 15

gases

Front 16

when do propellants become liquid

Back 16

at low temp

high pressure

thus filled under these conditions

Front 17

2 roles of propellants

Back 17

1. power source for aerolization

2. vehicle for the drug

Front 18

two may type of propellants used in MDI's

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1. cholorinted fluorocarbons (CFCs)

2. Hydroflurorcarbons (HFCs)

Front 19

propellants are polar/nonpolar

Back 19

nonpolar

Front 20

propellants have many important properties including

Back 20

BP

VP

Density

Stability

Solvent Power

Front 21

why are CFC's being phased out

Back 21

destructive to ozone

although they are inert, nontoxic, nonflammable

Front 22

the current CFC alternatives

Back 22

HFA 134

Front 23

HFA 134 breaks down faster in the atmosphere so it . . .

Back 23

reduces ozone depletion

Front 24

due to HFA the properties were changed so this changed the

Back 24

device

dose

Front 25

more difference btw HFA and CFCs

Back 25

HFA's Finer

Less Forceful

Warmer

Better Penetration

CFCs cooled back of throat

Front 26

two types of formulations for MDI

Back 26

1. solutions

2. suspensions

Front 27

in the soln the drug is ---- in the propellant

Back 27

dissolved

Front 28

what may be used in the mdi soln to make the the solvent polar

Back 28

cosolvents

ex. Ethanol

remember propellants are nonpolar

Front 29

how do you make a hydrophobic drug more polar

Back 29

use cosolvents

Front 30

in suspensions the drug is --- in the propellant

Back 30

dispersed

Front 31

which is more common and why?

soln or suspensions

Back 31

suspensions cuz of relatively poor solubilizing capacity of propellants

Front 32

major disadvant of suspensions

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instability of suspension

Front 33

why can suspens be unstable

Back 33

they can aggregate

become too large

so less of an effect

decrease SA

Front 34

the suspsion drug can be

Back 34

micoronized

must be stabilized

Front 35

some excipents of suspensions

Back 35

dispersing agents to keep them apart

Front 36

ex of dispersing agent

Back 36

surfactants

which also helps aerosols pass thru valve

Front 37

the pressure of aerosols in the mdi

Back 37

high

Front 38

after depression of the valve stem the liquid aerosol is exposed to atm and --- ---- occurs

Back 38

instant vaporization

flashing

Front 39

what's produced w/ instant vaporization

Back 39

a plume

Front 40

aerosol is released at high/moderate speeds

Back 40

high

Front 41

the drug is in the propellant droplets. you want the droplets to evaporate quickly or else they'll -----

Back 41

aggregate

Front 42

by the time the plume reaches the oropharynx is all the propellant evaporated

Back 42

no

Front 43

distance btw the valve outlet andthe oropharynx about 10 cm so what's the impact velocity there like

Back 43

still high

Front 44

how does loss of prime occur

propellnat lost from metering vavle

Back 44

leak out chamber

leaks into bulk fluid

Front 45

in lungs what slows down particles

Back 45

when they take on moisture

Front 46

the loss of ------ from the metering valve is the loss of prime

Back 46

propellant

Front 47

how long does it take for a loss of prime to occur

Back 47

days to weeks

Front 48

loss of prime can significantly reduce the 1st dose after a period of -----

Back 48

non-use

Front 49

after a period of non-use what should be done to pMDI

Back 49

shake and waste

discharge one or more doses

however, new redesigned system make this less of a problem

Front 50

an aerosol dose that is less than label claim

Back 50

loss of dose

Front 51

how can a loss of dose occur:

a. loss of ---------

b. ------ separation in heterogenous systems

Back 51

a. prime

b. phase

Front 52

typically, a suspended drug will ------ over a faily long time period in pMDI's

Back 52

cream

rise to the top (less dense than others)

Front 53

what should you do to prevent a loss of dose

Back 53

shake and immediately fire

Front 54

some problems w/ inhalation w/ actuation include:

a. coordination of ---- w/ actuation

b. ----- deposition problems

3. poor ---- targeting

Back 54

a. inhalation

b. oropharyngeal

c. lung

Front 55

some ex. of oropharyngeal deposition problems

Back 55

"cold-freon" effect

hoarseness

thrush

Front 56

what devices prevent probs w/ pMDI's

Back 56

spacer devices

Front 57

1. spacer device produce a ---- cloud.

2/3. by allowing ---- and ----- for evaporation

4. they reduce ----- velocity

Back 57

1. respirable

2. time

3. space

4. aerosol

Front 58

how do spacer devices allow time and space for evaporation

Back 58

reduces particles sizes: at optimal size

Front 59

how does a spacer reduce aerosol velocity

Back 59

leaves a suspended cloud: product you'll get into mouth

Front 60

spacers make it easier for the patient to use the pMDI:

They allow the pt to inhale at a --- inspiratory flow rate

Back 60

normal

no need to inhale until after you actuate

Front 61

spacers separate ---- from inhalation

so, there's less ---- of the two needed.

Back 61

acuatation

coordination.

Front 62

spacers reduce ------ deposition and can improve --- targeting.

Back 62

oropharyngeal

lung

Front 63

spacers reduce ---- size, ---- inhalation force thus reducing (local/systemic) side effects and the amount swallowed

Back 63

particle

velocity

local

Front 64

how do spacers cause a significant loss of aerosol product in the device

Back 64

impaction (due to high speed)

can adhere to plastic

sedimentation

Front 65

type of reservoir device

Back 65

volume

presence of an inspiratory valve

spray direction

presence of flow indicator sound

presence of a integral actuator

Front 66

the purpose of a having an inspiratory valve present

Back 66

so you don't have to exhale???

check notes

Front 67

the spray direction of the reservoir device can be:

Back 67

towards or away from the mouthpiece

Front 68

indicator sound occurs when inhaling too fast/too slow?

Back 68

too fast

Front 69

integral acuator is ---- ----

Back 69

an L piece or mouth piece

Front 70

the collapsible reservior bag is inflated w/ the aerosol upon ----

Back 70

actuation

Front 71

for nonelectrostatic there less ---- so more dose

Back 71

deposition