Dosage Forms 2 Exam 3 Advanced Parental Drugs

Front 1

Slowly releases active ingredient SC or IM

Back 1

Depot Injection

Front 2

Act as bioerodible matrix systems to prolong drug release

Back 2

Bioerodible Microspheres

Front 3

Example of Bioerodible Microspheres
Prepared as a copolymer that breaks down to lactic acid and glycolic acid

Back 3

Lupron Depot

Front 4

Slowly releases active ingredient SC

Back 4

Implants

Front 5

Diffusion of saturated solution (reservoir) is controlled by polymer membrane as zero-order release
Require surgical removal and are not bioerodible

Back 5

Membrane-Controlled (Reservoir)

Front 6

Membrane-matrix hybrid
One implant containing etonogestrel crystals (birth control) embedded in a solid ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer matrix surrounded by rate controlling EVA
Zero order release that lasts up to three years

Back 6

Implanon

Front 7

Non-biodegradable diffusion controlled Hydron polymer reservoir containing histrelin acetate
Zero-order release that lasts up to a year

Back 7

Histone Acetate Implant

Front 8

Histone Acetate Implant Examples

Back 8

Suprellin LA (central precocious puberty)
Vantas (palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer)

Front 9

Composed of bioerodible polymers with uniformly dispersed drug
Dose not have to be removed

Back 9

Bioerodible Matrix Implant

Front 10

Bioerodible Matrix Implant
Prepared as copolymer of poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid) that break down to lactic acid and glycolic acid
Inserted SC in abdomen
Water penetrates and slowly hydrolyzes (breaks down) the polymer

Back 10

Zoladex

Front 11

Bioerodible matrix implant
Intracranial implant of carmustine homogeneously dispersed in bioerodible polymer matrix
Contains wafer made of microspheres in a disk shape
The wafer composition allows slow release of the drug as the polymer degrades at the surface and protects the drug from too much degradation
Several wafers can be implanted after brain tumor resection

Back 11

Gliadel wafer

Front 12

Bioerodible matrix implant
Two-syringe product mixed prior to SC injection. One syringe contains Atrigel Delivery System and the other contains leuprolide acetate. Atrigel is a polymer delivery system consisting of biodegradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) formulation in a biocompatible solvent
Tissue water causes polymer to precipitate and trap the drug in a solid implant

Back 12

Eligard

Front 13

Mechanical implant - Implantable infusion pump
Drug solution is pumped from a reservoir into a catheter by a peristaltic mechanism

Back 13

SynchroMed

Front 14

Self-contained units of a pumping mechanism, drug reservoir and catheter that can be surgically implanted in a subcutaneous pocket (subclavian fossa or abdomen)
Usually made of titanium (goo biocompatibility)
Used for both spatial and temporal control of drug delivery

Back 14

Mechanical Implants - Implantable infusion pump

Front 15

Uses a piston to force fluid out, thus is gentler on insulin
Refilled every 3 months with formulated insulin for improved stability
A particular site can be catetherized
Certain models can be programmed externally (telometry) for constant infusion or circadian patterns

Back 15

Minimed

Front 16

Use positive pressure to deliver medication either as continuous infusion, intermittent infusion, or bolus dosing, and single or multiple solution delivery

Back 16

Ambulatory (External) Infusion Pump

Front 17

Ambulatory (External) Infusion Pump
Patient can deliver own pain medicine with the click of a button
Can program bolus dose, dose limits, background infusion rate, and lockout interval
Mainly IV

Back 17

Patient-Controlled Analgesia

Front 18

For glucose control in diabetes
Can deliver basal insulin throughout the day and bolus doses as needed
Five brands of insulin pumps available
Disetronic
Animas
Minimed
Nipro
Omnipod

Back 18

Continuous SC insulin infusion

Front 19

In contact with water, phospholipids will assemble to form an enclosed lipid bilayer known as this.

Back 19

Liposome

Front 20

Liposome drug delivery
IV for Kaposi's sarcoma
Drug is water-soluble (contained in aqueous interior)
Improved parameters (increased half-life and localized to tumor-site)

Back 20

Doxil

Front 21

Liposome Spatial Drug Delivery
IV antifungal
Drug is lipid soluble (incorporated in lipid bilayer)
Improved parameters (Decreased renal accumulation of amphotericin B so less nephrotoxicity)

Back 21

Ambisome

Front 22

Albumin Nanoparticles Drug Delivery
Albumin nanoparticles are coated with drug (no need for surfactant and 50% alcohol which causes significant hypersensitivity)
Suspension that is injected IV
Achieves targeting due to albumin receptors on neoplasm endothelia. Receptor mediated uptake plus binding to tumor protein.

Back 22

Abraxane Injectable Suspension

Front 23

Adhesive matrix
Applied to the scrotum (very permeable)

Back 23

Testoderm

Front 24

Adhesive matrix
Relatively largepatch for post-herpatic (shingles) neuralgia for a local action and size can be adjusted

Back 24

Lidoderm

Front 25

Square-root of time release that have the drug uniformly mixed in with the matrix
Usually the skin controls drug input

Back 25

Matrix

Front 26

Matrix system with drug uniformly mixed in with the adhesive matrix
Fewer layers mean a very thin patch

Back 26

Adhesive matrix

Front 27

Drug is a saturated solution and the membrane controls the release and entry into circulation
Zero-order release
Leaking of patch is possible

Back 27

Membrane-Controlled (Reservoir)

Front 28

Gelled reservoir of estrogen and ethanol (penetration enhancer)

Back 28

Estroderm

Front 29

Ethanol

Back 29

Penetration enhancer

Front 30

Combination system in which rate-controlling membrane gives a zero-order release to a matrix system
Drug in adhesive gives a burst effect or saturates skin binding sites

Back 30

Membrane-Matrix Hybrid

Front 31

Membrane-Matrix Hybrid
Drug-in-adhesive saturates binding sites
Therapeutic levels in 2-3 days

Back 31

Catapres TTS

Front 32

Membrane-Matrix Hybrid
Placed behind the ear (thinner SC and more shunts)
Durg-in-adhesive to saturate skin binding sites and give burst effect
Therapeutic levels in 4 hours

Back 32

Transderm Scop

Front 33

Uses electricity to drive drug molecules contained in reservoirs through the skin

Back 33

Iontophoresis (Electrotransport)