Dosage Forms 2

Front 1

when preparing a fusion you add ingredients in order of (increasing/decreasing) melting point

Back 1

decreasing

Front 2

incorporate:
wax and hard fusible bodies into soft oleaginous materials

levigation or fusion?

Back 2

fusion

Front 3

what happens to lanolin and oleic acid when it is overheated while making a fusion

Back 3

it oxidizes

Front 4

how do you fix a phase separation when making a fusion?

Back 4

reheat and stir vigorously

Front 5

how do you fix a low viscosity when making a fusion?

Back 5

add more highmeling point ingredients

Front 6

how do you fix poor dispersion when making a fusion?

Back 6

reheat and add more surfactant

Front 7

when compounding ointment bases you should use a water bath or special low temp hot plate. most ingredients used in ointment bases will liquefy around __*C

Back 7

70*C

Front 8

what method of compounding do you use when a solid can't be easily triturated? eg.beeswax, cetyl alcohol, paraffin, stearic acid

Back 8

fusion

Front 9

when mixing an oil and aqueous phase, what is a good technique to use?

Back 9

heat the aqueous phase a few degrees higher than the oil phase prior to mixing because the aqueous phase tends to cool faster than the oil phase and may cause premature solidificaiton of some ingredients.

Front 10

when compounding ointment bases, how do you minimize the quantity of water lost through evaporation?

Back 10

use the lowest temp possible, and keep the time of heating as short as possible

Front 11

when compounding ointment bases, what ingredient do you heat first? the one with the highest melting point or the lowest melting point

Back 11

the highest melting point

Front 12

when compounding ointments, the cooling phase (should/should not) involve water or ice

Back 12

should not pu in water or ice b/c it can change the final consistency of the final product, making it more stiff than desired

Front 13

when do you add volatile ingredients (oils, flavors or drugs)to ointment bases?

Back 13

when the product is cool to the back of the hand

Front 14

what facilitates the absorption of drugs through the skin?

Back 14

absorptoin enhancers

Front 15

absorption enhancers change the solven properties of what layer of the skin?

A-statum Basale
B-Stratum spinosum
C-stratum Lucidum
d-stratum corneum

Back 15

stratum corneum

Front 16

what are two absorption enhancer drugs?

Back 16

DMSO and 2-pyrolidone

Front 17

in addition to helping to solubilize drugs, ___ can help keep drugs in solution after application of the dosage form

Back 17

co-solvents

Front 18

which of the three are co-solvents?

A-DMSO
B-Glycerin
c-stearic acid
d-Paraffin
E-propylene glycol
F-cetyl alcohol
G-Polyethylene glycol
h-ethanol

Back 18

glycerin, propylene glycol, ethanol

Front 19

Which is often used in O/W creams to prevent precipitatoin of the drug as the cream dries to a thin film?

A-DMSO
B-Glycerin
c-stearic acid
d-Paraffin
E-propylene glycol
F-cetyl alcohol
G-Polyethylene glycol
h-ethanol

Back 19

propylene glycol

Front 20

___ are opaque solids , or thick liquids intended for external applications

also, they are emulsions (O/W)

Back 20

creams

Front 21

___has a higher water content than ointment


A-creams
B-pastes
C-powders

Back 21

creams

Front 22

____ :O/W emulsion, contain water and stearic acid
-after application, water evaporates, leaving a thin residue film of stearic acid

Back 22

vanishing creams

Front 23

what is described?
the high conc. in the drug film can be good for drug delivery
-the thin film is not continuous and not oleaginous, so it will be less occlusive than oily ointments
-is the most acceptable topical dosage form

A-creams
B-pastes
C-powders
D-ointments

Back 23

Creams

Front 24

what is the most acceptable topical dosage form?


A-creams
B-pastes
C-powders
D-ointments

Back 24

creams

Front 25

what is described?
-intended for application to the skin
-applied to area that requires protection
-contains a larger proportion of solid material than ointments
-stiffer than ointments


A-creams
B-pastes
C-powders
D-ointments

Back 25

pastes

Front 26

topical powders are also called?

Back 26

dusting powders

Front 27

Which is not a powder?
talc, cornstarch,stearic acid, 2-pyrollidone, zinc oxide, zinc stearate, DMSO

Back 27

DMSO and 2-pyrollidone- are absorption enhancers

Stearic Acid-is added to vanishing creams

so talc, cornstarch, zinc oxide, zinc stearate are powders

Front 28

which powder is more lubricating but doesn't absorb water?

A-Corn Starch
B-talc
c-zinc oxide
d-zinc stearate

Back 28

talc

Front 29

which powder is less lubricating but absorbs water?


A-Corn Starch
B-talc
c-zinc oxide
d-zinc stearate

Back 29

corn starch

Front 30

while one powder is more lubricating and absorbs less water (talc) another is less lubricating and absorbs more water(corn starch) .

which powder falls between?


A-stearic acid
B-DMSO
c-zinc oxide
d-zinc stearate
e-zinc

Back 30

zinc

Front 31

-what is a semisolid system
-the movement of the dispersing medium is restricted by an interlacing 3d-network of particles (viscosity caused by the interlacing)

A-powder
B-ointment
c-gels
d-lotion

Back 31

gel

Front 32

Gels have 5 applications, what are they?

Back 32

vaginal, rectal, intranasal, topical (cooling effect), oral

Front 33

If the gel mass consists of a network of small inorganic discrete particles, it is a (one or 2 phase system)?

Back 33

two-phase system (aluminium hydroxide)

Front 34

If the gel mass consists of a network of large organic particles, it is a (one or 2 phase system)?

Back 34

single-phase system (carbomer)

Front 35

Gel: what is aluminum hydroxide? a single or a 2 phase system?

Back 35

two phase system (gel mass consists of a network of small inorganic discrete particles)

Front 36

gel:what is carbomer?
a single or a double phase system?

Back 36

single- gel mass consists of a network of large organic particles,

Front 37

true or false:
gels can be either turbid or clear?

Back 37

true

Front 38

t/f
most gels are not water washable and greaseless

Back 38

false, most gels are waterwashable and greasless

Front 39

inorganic, natural and synthetic gums, and organic are descriptions of hydrogels or organogels?

Back 39

hydrogells

Front 40

hydrocarbon type, soap base, and hydrophilic organogels are descriptions of hydrogels or organogels?

Back 40

organogels

Front 41

what is the main disadvantage of a gel?

Back 41

bacteria and mold growth

Front 42

know DIS! k?

___=soaking up liquid without a marked increase in volume

A-imbition
B-Swelling
C-syneresis
D-thixotropy
E-xerogel

Back 42

imbibition

Front 43

KNOW it or lose!

___=soaking up liquid with an increase in volume

A-imbition
B-Swelling
C-syneresis
D-thixotropy
E-xerogel

Back 43

swelling

Front 44

please put to memory!

__=gel exudes fluid-causing shrinkage, water comes out of the pores

A-imbition
B-Swelling
C-syneresis
D-thixotropy
E-xerogel

Back 44

syneresis

Front 45

gotta know it:)

___= viscous during storage but loses consistency and becomes fluid upon shaking (ketchup)

A-imbition
B-Swelling
C-syneresis
D-thixotropy
E-xerogel

Back 45

thixotropy

Front 46

____= liquid is removed from a gel, only the framwork remains

A-imbition
B-Swelling
C-syneresis
D-thixotropy
E-xerogel

Back 46

xerogel