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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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t/f
drug permeation across the skin is very fast |
f
slow |
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t/f
it can take mins for a drug to permeate the entire epidermis |
f
hours |
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most common routes of transdermal passage
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transepidermal
transappendageal |
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appendages
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hair
sweat glands |
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which is easier transepidermal or tranappendageal
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transepidermal
cuz higher surface area |
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for lipophilic drugs which layers can present a hydrophilic barrier
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viable layers
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for most drugs once a drug reaches the viable layers it diffuses thru them relatively fast.
why |
they don't have great barrier properties
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upon reaching the ---- systemic absorption is uss fairly quick
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dermis
after here easy to systemic circulation |
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once entering an -----, the drug diffuse quickly into the viable epidermis and dermis
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appendage
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entry thru an ---- allows bypass of SC
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appendage
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t/f
normally transappendageal transport is a significant pathway for drug transport |
f
not significant because appendages cover a small fraction of the skin surface area |
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transappen. can be valuable for the permeation of ----- or large --- molecules
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ions
polar |
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transappen can act as an early --- for some drugs
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shunt
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appendage --- varies in different regions of the body
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densities
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transdermal meds should be ---- and ----
why |
small
lipophilic cuz skin is a lipophilic barrier |
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drug potency for transderm should be high/low
why? |
high
cuz low blood levels likely |
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limited application for transdermal patches are about --- to -- days
why |
7-10
cuz they are occlusive block water loss |
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occlusions due to patches can lead to--- and --- growth
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maceration
microbial |
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by increasing skin hydration occlusion can increase drug ----
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permeability
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skin is often the --- ----- barrier for drug transport
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rate limiting
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---- enchancers may be part of the drug formulation in a patch
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penetration
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name a chem that increases SC permeation
how is this done |
ethanol
disrupts stratum corneum lipids . . . basically damages skin |
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why should you follow the manufacuters' recommendations for placement of the patches
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due to different SC thickness, different # of shunts
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increase in area, ---- in flux
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increase
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why are there different nitro patches sizes
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for different doses of drug
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types of transdermal tx systems
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matrix
adhesive matrix membrane controlled membrane matrix hybrid |
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this systems has drug uniformity mixed in w/the matrix
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matrix
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what type of release is matrix
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square root
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what controls the drug input in matrix
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the skin
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what do you need on top of the matrix
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a lot of impermeability so it won't evaporate
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this type of transdermal the adhesive is a matrix system w/ drug uniformly mixed
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adhesive matrix
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having the drug in the adhesive leaves one --- layer
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less
so the patch is thinner |
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name some meds that have an adhesive matrix
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climara
testoderm ortho evra lidoderm |
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where is the testoderm applied
why |
scrotum
5x more permeable than the other sites |
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where is ortho evra applied
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upper torso
abd upper outer arm butt |
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what's ortho evra
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a contraceptive patch
given q 7 days x 3 wks: 7 days off |
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this is a relatively large patch for postherpetic neuralgia
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lidoderm
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t/f
lidoderm patch is used for systemic action |
f
local |
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t/f
lidoderm can be cut to fit the area |
t
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in membrane controlled the drug is usu formulated as a --- soln and the membrane controls release and can control entry into the -------
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saturated
circulation |
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what order is membrane controlled
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zero order
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t/f
it's possible for the membrane controlled patch to leak |
t
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name some membrane controlled patches
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estraderm
duragesic androderm |
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where is estraderm given
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abd
q 3.5 days |
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estraderm contains a gelled reservoir of estrogen and ------
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ethanol
penetration enchancer |
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duragesic patch contains a ---- reservoir of fentanly and ethanol
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gelled
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t/f
you can cut duragesic patches |
f
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where is androderm given
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nonscrotal area
q day |
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androderm is a -- reservoir system to allow greater amount
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gel
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membrane matrix hybrid is a --- system in which the rate controllilng membrane gives zero order release to a matrix system
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combination
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purpose of drug in adhesive of a membrane matrix hybrid
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to give a burst
or to saturate skin binding sites |
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name two meds that have a membrane matrix hybrid system
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catapress tts
transdermscop |
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where is catapres given
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upper arms
torso q 7 days |
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in catapres the drug is inthe adhesive to saturate the binding site this will lead to. . .
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therapeutic levels in 2-3 days
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where is transdermscop give
why |
behind ear
thin SC and more shunts |
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transdermscop will have tx levels in - hrs
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4
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Iontophoresis uses ---- to drive drug molecules contained in reservoirs thru the skin
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electricity
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t/f
ionotophoresis is the same as electrophoresis |
f
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why will current pass thru the viable epidermis
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due to water content
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iontophoresis wil possible ----- and disrupted intracellular ----
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shunts
lipids |
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t/f
iontophoresis is only for charged drugs |
f
mainly for charged but also for noncharged |
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how is iontophoresis useful for noncharged
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cuz it causes solvent flow
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name a med that uses the ionophoresis system
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numbystuff: delivers lido and epi
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t/f
iontophoresis is only for local purposes |
f
can also be for systemic |
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the current forces the drug to the viable epidermis where it can diffuse to ----- and ------
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tissues
capillaries |
