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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The first U.S. census to indicate that a majority of Americans lived in towns and cities was the census of _____
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1920
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The three major forms of local government used in the United States are countries, cities, and ____
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Special district
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The major tax that is levied by cities and counties is something called an ad valorem tax, a tax that is basically a/an ____ tax
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Property
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The oldest form of local government in America is ____ government
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county
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A legal entity created in response to local initiative and through incorporation by the state in order to permit the management of local affairs in known legally as a/an ___
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municipal corporation/municipality
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The major powers of a municipal corporation, a city, is to raise and spend money, provide for safety, provide for basic community services, and to regulate practices through local laws known as.
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local ordinance
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A/an____ city is a city which is granted a charter by the state government through general legislation passed by the state legislature, specifying which structure and powers may be used by communities of specified population sizes.
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general laws
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The arrangement whereby a city or county within a state may, under state constitutional provisions or state laws, arrange its governmental structures in whatever way it desires as long as the chosen structures do not conflict with national or state constitutions of laws is known as
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home rule
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The three basic structures of city government that have been most used in American cities during modern times have been the commission plan, the mayor-council plan, and the ___
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council manager
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The least used type of city government in American is the ____ plan of city government.
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commission
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The most commonly used form of city government in the United States, and the oldest type of city government in the country, is the ___ plan of government.
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mayor council
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The three major subjects of executive leadership which are most obvious when deciding whether a city chapter provides for a week-mayor form of government or a strong-mayor form of government are the powers related to appointments, budgetary recommendations, and
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the Veto Power
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The most important public employee in a council-manager form of city government is the
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city manager
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Any unit of local government which is chartered by the state and which is created to deal with a specific subject or to provide a particular service, the most widespread type of local government used in America, is the ___.
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Special district
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In the context of local government the initials COG stand for
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Council of Government
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When two or more units of government enter into a formal and legal agreement to achieve specific objectives or to prove some form of reciprocal assistance then it is said the unit of government are engaged in a process of ____
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intergovernmental agreement, intergovernmental contract, inter-local agreement
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___/___ is a process by which some governments, particularly state governments, permit the residents of particular area to decide for themselves whether to permit or prohibit in their own communities such things as the legal sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages, legal gambling, and similar subjects.
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Local option
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While an inter-governmental agreement is any legal contract between two or more government units, such as between cities and counties, a/an ___ is an agreement between two or more states, agreement that must be approved by the U.S. national government.
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Interstate compact
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The principle whereby government may take private property for public use, upon the condition that the owner will be compensated for the property is a principle known as
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eminent domain
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The process wherein an incorporated city is granted authority by the state to extend the city's legal authority over individuals living next to the city and to bring them within the city is a process known as ___.
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annexation
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The set of public facilities (e.g. roads, bridges,dams, parks,sewers & gas lines, etc.) and their care which make possible a wide range of social, economic, and political interactions within a community, with a view toward providing for "the public good," is known as the public
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infrastructure
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CHIP
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Children's Health Insurance Program
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It's known as a/an___ school when the school is created by the state and functions under state authority, more than local public school authority, and which is expected from some general education requirements in order to stimulate innovative educational programs.
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Charter school
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In the context of education, a/an ____ is any form of financial assistance which is designed to pay for the basic financing of private school education with public tax funds, usually by being given to a child's caretaker who then pays the school with the funds.
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School voucher
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The portion of the U.S. constitution which has been used to adopt federal health care programs in the____ clause
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general welfare
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The largest federal health care program is the ___ clause
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Medicare
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The federal health care program for the elderly is called ___.
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Medicare
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The joint federal-state health care program for low income individuals is called ____.
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Medicare
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The major federal agency responsible for dealing with environmental issues, an agency that was created partly on the basis of how environmental degradation was affecting public health is the ___.
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Environmental Protection Agency/EPA
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FEMA
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Federal Emergency Management Agency
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OSHA
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Occupational Safety & Healthy Agency
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FDA
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Food and Drug Administration
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The federal agency that has its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, and that is responsible for research on communicable diseases and for advising government officials and the general public on how to protect the people within the United States is the ____
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CDC/Center for Disease Control
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Whereas poverty threshold are used for statistical purpose in estimating the number of individuals on welfare at a given time, poverty ______ are used for administrative purposes in determining financial eligibility for certain federal programs.
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guidelines
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The changing of the eligibility for government benefits from everyone receiving benefits to only those with earnings and saving below a predetermine level in attempt to save money is known as ___.
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Means testing
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In the language of American public policy, any government-sponsored benefits or cash payment in known as a/an____.
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entitlement program
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The Social Security Act of 1935 created the first U.S. program of ____ in order to provide economic assistance for the elderly retired and their dependents, a program later expanded to other areas (e.g. Medicare, Medicaid, unemployment insurance, ect.), and a program supported through matching payroll deduction taxes.
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Social insurance
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in 1974, the federal government created a program designed to provide assistance to elderly persons and disabled persons, a program known as ____.
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Supplemental Security Income/SSI
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In 1975, the federal government created the ___ program in order to help low-income workers by giving back part or all of their Social Security taxes.
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Earned Income Tax Credit/EITC
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In the context of public policy, the initials TANF usually means
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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
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The ____ program is a federal program that functions within states to financially assist low-income women in meeting nutrition needs of young children.
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Women, Infants and Children/WIC
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The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1966 placed a restriction upon welfare recipients, limiting an individual to no more than ___ years of welfare benefits in a lifetime
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five
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The U.S. President who advocated major public support programs under what he called a War on Poverty was President____.
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Lyndon Johnson
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Soon after adoption of the sixteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution in 1913, an Amendment that permits the use of a graduated federal income tax, the national government began to encourage the building of state highways by awarding state highways funds through so called ___ grants
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conditional
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The U.S. Congress adopted the Federal Highway Act of 1956 under strong urging of U.S. President____ to build a system of interstate highways, partially on the grounds that it would be good for national defense of the United States, making it possible to quickly more all types of equipment and personnel across the nation.
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Dwight Eisenhower
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The federal agency called the ___ functions under the U.S. Department of Transportation and is responsible for air traffic control, for certificating airports and pilots, and for providing for air flight safety.
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Federal Aviation Administration/FFA
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In the context of the federal bureaucracy, the NTSB is the ____ and it investigates and makes recommendations involving various transportation accidents.
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National Transportation Safety Board
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The U.S. federal agency responsible for providing national control of airport security and screening is called the ____.
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Transportation Security Administration/TSA
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In March 2010, the U.S. Congress adopted the most extensive health care reform law in American history under the leadership of U.S. President Barack Obama, a law known as the ___ Act.
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Patient Protection and Affordable Care
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