Dog Training Vocabulary

Front 1

Behavior

Back 1

Any activity that is or can be made voluntary through conditioning.

Front 2

Biological Evolution

Back 2

The process of change and diversification of living things over time.

Front 3

Brisket

Back 3

The sternum, or breastbone; in some breeds, the entire thorax.

Front 4

Anthropomorphism

Back 4

The attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman objects.

Front 5

Canine Hip Dysplasia

Back 5

Qn abnormality of the ball and socket joint of the hip.

Front 6

Campus (carpal joint)

Back 6

The bones of the wrist.

Front 7

Chest

Back 7

The part of the body or trunk thats enclosed by the ribs.

Front 8

Companion Dog (CD)

Back 8

The Novice title, awarded through the AKC, earned by achieving three qualifying scores in three different trials by three different judges.

Front 9

Companion Dog Excellent (CDX)

Back 9

The Open title, awarded through the AKC, earned after completing the CD.

Front 10

Croup

Back 10

The region of the pelvic girdle, formed by the sacrum and surrounding tissue.

Front 11

Cynologist

Back 11

A person who studies dogs.

Front 12

Domestication

Back 12

The ability of animals to live in an environment controlled by humans.

Front 13

Dominance

Back 13

Referring to the relative position of an individual in a social hierarchy.

Front 14

Ecology

Back 14

The interrelationship of organisms and their environment.

Front 15

Elbow

Back 15

The joint in the front leg where the upper arm meets the forearm.

Front 16

Ethology

Back 16

The study of whole patterns of animal behavior in natural environments, stressing the analysis of adaptation and the evolution of the patterns.

Front 17

Flews

Back 17

The pendulums lateral part of the upper lip, particularly at the inner corners.

Front 18

Forearm

Back 18

The portion of the forearm. Between the upper arm and the carpus, including the radius and the ulna.

Front 19

Genetic drift

Back 19

Refers to evolutionary variation due to accidents of chance

Front 20

Hip

Back 20

The joint where the femur (thigh bone) fits into the pelvic girdle

Front 21

Hock

Back 21

The collection of bones of the hind leg forming the joint between the second thigh and the metatarsus; equivalent to a human's ankle.

Front 22

Lips

Back 22

The fleshy portions of the upper and lower jaws covering the teeth.

Front 23

Loin

Back 23

The area of the body behind the ribs and before the hip

Front 24

Morphology

Back 24

The form and structure of an organism or any of its parts.

Front 25

Mutation

Back 25

A basic, significant, and relatively permanent change in the genetic makeup of an organism

Front 26

Muzzle

Back 26

The head in front of the eyes, including nasal bones, nostrils, and jaws.

Front 27

National Association of Dog Obedience Instructors

(NADOI)

Back 27

An endorsing body for qualified obedience instructors, as well as an educational resource.

Front 28

Natural Selection

Back 28

A natural process that results in the survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to the surrounding environment.

Front 29

Obedience Trial Champion (OTCh)

Back 29

The highest title in obedience competition.

Front 30

Occiput

Back 30

The dorsal, posterior point of the skull.

Front 31

Pastern

Back 31

The metacarpal bones of the front leg between the carpus and the foot and the metatarsal bones of the hind leg between the hock and the foot.

Front 32

Positive Reinforcement

Back 32

Strengthening a behavior by presenting a desirable consequence.

Front 33

Schtuzhund

Back 33

A comprehensive test initially developed to evaluate German Shephard Dog for breeding and working purposes. Now a popular sport, Schtuzhund trials test a working dogs abilities in tracking, obedience, and protection work.

Front 34

Shoulder

Back 34

The joint in the fore quarters formed where the shoulder blades and arm meet.

Front 35

Stifle

Back 35

The joint of the hind leg between the thigh and the second thigh; the equivalent of the human knee.

Front 36

Symbiosis

Back 36

The ability of organisms to live together in a mutually beneficial environment.

Front 37

Tail set

Back 37

How the tail base sets on the rump.

Front 38

Taxonomy

Back 38

The classifications of organisms into different categories on the basis of their individual physical, genetic, and biochemical relationships to one another.

Front 39

Thigh

Back 39

The hindquarters from hip to stifle

Front 40

Topline

Back 40

A dog's outline from just behind the withers to the tail set.

Front 41

Tuck up

Back 41

A noticeably shallow loin depth; equivalent to being small-waisted in a human.

Front 42

Utility Dog (UD)

Back 42

Awarded through the AKC, earned after completing the CD and CDX titles.

Front 43

Withers

Back 43

The area along the spine between the uppermost portion of the shoulder blades.

Front 44

Accomodation

Back 44

The ability to focus on objects at different distances.

Front 45

Auditory Ossicles

Back 45

The three small bones of the middle ear.

Hint 45

Ear Anatomy

Front 46

BAER

Back 46

Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response - A hearing test

Front 47

Bolting

Back 47

Swallowing food in large chunks without chewing

Front 48

Brachycephalic

Back 48

A short nosed breed

Front 49

Ch'i

Back 49

Energy of the body

Front 50

Choroid

Back 50

Layer of blood vessels nourishing retina in the eye

Front 51

Cilia

Back 51

Hairlike filament extending d4im olfactory cells into the nasal cavity

Front 52

Ciliary Body

Back 52

Structure in the eye connecting the iris to the sclera

Front 53

Cochlea

Back 53

Snail-shape structure of the inside of the ear thst converts sound vibrations to nerve impulses.

Front 54

Cones

Back 54

Photo receptors responsible for seeing color.

Front 55

Cornea

Back 55

Transparent covering at the front of the eye.

Front 56

Cropping

Back 56

Surgical alteration if the dog's ears.

Front 57

Dermis

Back 57

Deeper layer of skin containing the hair follicles and glands

Front 58

Dolicocephalic

Back 58

Long-lost skull structure

Front 59

Ear flap

Back 59

Outer visible portion of the ear thats also called the leather or pinna

Front 60

Ectropion

Back 60

Sagging outward of the eyelid

Front 61

Entropion

Back 61

Rolling inward of the eyelid, bringing the eyelashes in contact with the eyeball

Front 62

Epidermis

Back 62

Outer layer of the skin

Front 63

Fleas bite dermatitis

Back 63

Skin irritation caused by reaction to flea bites.

Front 64

Flicker Fusion

Back 64

The point at which flickering light, such as from a TV, appears to be constant.

Front 65

Fly-Bite Dermatitis

Back 65

Skin problem resulting from fly bites to the tips of the ears

Front 66

Fovea

Back 66

Area of the retina in humans with a high concentration of photoreceptors

Front 67

Ganglion Cells (ganglia)

Back 67

Cells thst transmit information from the photoreceptors to the brain.

Front 68

Goblet Cells

Back 68

Cells within the mucous membrane of the nose thst produce a dark brownish fluid to keep the nasal cavity moist.

Front 69

Guard Hairs

Back 69

Thick outer hairs of the haircoat

Front 70

Haw

Back 70

Third eyelid of the dawg

Front 71

Hematoma

Back 71

Pool of blood caused by a rupture of a blood vessel

Front 72

Hertz

Back 72

Measurement of sound, in cycles per sound (cps)

Front 73

Iris

Back 73

Muscle that regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

Front 74

Lick Granuloma

Back 74

Skin irritation resulting from the dog's chewing and licking.

Front 75

Melanins

Back 75

Pigments providing color to hair

Front 76

Nasal Plane

Back 76

The visible exterior hairless part of the nose

Front 77

Nuclear Sclerosis

Back 77

Aging of the lens of the eye

Front 78

Olfactory Lobe

Back 78

Structure within the brain dedicated to processing scent.

Front 79

Otitus

Back 79

Inflammation of the ear

Front 80

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)

Back 80

Hereditary disorder of the retina in which the light-sensitive cells die

Front 81

Retina

Back 81

Layer of the eye holding the light-sensing rods and cones

Front 82

Rods

Back 82

Photoreceptors responsible for seeing light

Front 83

Sclera

Back 83

The outer layer of the eye

Front 84

Sebaceous Glands

Back 84

Glands within the skin which secrete oils to help keep the haircoat waterproof

Front 85

Semicircular Canals

Back 85

Small tubes within the ear responsible for balance

Front 86

Sinuses

Back 86

Hollows in the bones of the head.

Front 87

Social Facilitation

Back 87

The tendency of canines to live, hunt, eat, and perform other activities in a group

Front 88

Subcutis

Back 88

Deepest layer of the skin

Front 89

Tapetum Lucidum

Back 89

Reflective layer at the back of the eye

Front 90

Turbinates

Back 90

Bony structures within the nasal cavity.

Front 91

Undercoat

Back 91

Softer woollen hairs lying under the guard hairs

Front 92

Vibrissae

Back 92

Whiskers, specialized to serve as sensors.

Front 93

Visual Perspective

Back 93

The dogs point of view.

Front 94

Visual Streak

Back 94

Oval section of the dog's retina where photoreceptors are concentrated.

Front 95

Vomeronasal Organ

Back 95

Structure in the floor of the dog's nose responsible for reacting to sex pheromones and for "smelling" underwater