Dnh 130- Chapter 2 (Radiation Physics)

Front 1

What results when matter is altered?

Back 1

Energy

Front 2

How many atoms have been identified?

Back 2

118

Front 3

Atomic Weight

Back 3

Number of protons and neutrons

Front 4

What is the max number of shells for an atom?

Back 4

7

Front 5

What letters are designated for valent shells?

Back 5

K-Q (K is closest to nucleus)

Front 6

How are electrons maintained in their orbits?

Back 6

By the Electrostatic Force between the positive protons & negative electrons.

Front 7

What is binding energy?

Back 7

The binding force of an electron.

Determined by the distance between the nucleus and the electron.

Front 8

How are binding energies of orbiting electrons measured?

Back 8

In electron volts (eV) and kilo electron volts (keV)

Front 9

An atom that is electrically unbalanced to an electron lost/gained is called what?

Back 9

An ion

Front 10

The production of ions, or the process of converting atoms into icons is called what?

Back 10

Ionization

Front 11

What is an ion pair?

Back 11

When an atom loses an electron, the atom becomes a positive ion and the electron becomes negative.

This ion pair react with other ions until electrically stable, neutral ions, are formed.

Front 12

What do we call the emission and propagation of energy through space OR a substance in the form of waves and particles?

Back 12

Radiation

Front 13

What is radioactivity?

Back 13

The process by which certain unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous disintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state.

Front 14

Radiation that is capable of producing illness by adding or removing electrons is called what?

Back 14

Ionizing Radiation

Front 15

Name the two types of ionizing radiation

Back 15

Particulate and Electromagnetic

Front 16

What are the 4 types of particulate radiations?

Back 16

Electrons

Alpha Particles

Protons

Neurons

Front 17

Electrons can be classified as ________ or ________.

Back 17

beta particles; cathode rays

Front 18

What do we call streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray tube?

Back 18

Cathode Rays

Front 19

________ are fast-moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atoms.

Back 19

Beta particles

Front 20

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are all what type of radiations?

Back 20

Particulate Radiations

Front 21

What is defined as the propagation of wavelike energy (without mass) through space or matter?

Back 21

Electromagnetic Radiation

Front 22

Are electromagnetic radiations naturally occurring or man-made?

Back 22

Both

Front 23

Cosmic rays, gamma rays, x-rays, UV rays, visible light, infrared light, radar waves, microwaves, and radio waves are all types of _________.

Back 23

Electromagnetic Radiation

Front 24

Are electromagnetic radiations ionizing or non-ionizing?

Back 24

Both

Front 25

Electromagnetic Radiations move through space as a _______ and a ______.

Back 25

particle; wave

Front 26

Which concept characterizes raising as discrete bundles of energy called photons or quanta?

Back 26

The Particle Concept

Front 27

Which concept characterizes electromagnetic radiations as waves and focuses on the properties of velocity, wavelength, and frequency?

Back 27

The Wave Concept

Front 28

Velocity refers to what?

Back 28

The speed of the wave.

Front 29

Wavelength is defined as what?

Back 29

The distance between the crest of one wave & the crest of the next.

Front 30

Frequency refers to what?

Back 30

The number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.

Front 31

How is wavelength measured?

Back 31

Short waves are measured in nanometers; long waves are measured in meters.

Front 32

The amount of energy in electromagnetic radiation depends on the ________ and __________.

Back 32

wavelength; frequency

Front 33

Low-frequency radiations have a _______ wavelength, and _______ energy.

Back 33

long; less

Low frequency= low energy & long wavelength.

Front 34

Does diagnostic radiography use high or low frequency waves?

Back 34

High-frequency

(Short wavelengths)

Front 35

What type of radiation is a high-energy, ionizing electromagnetic radiation?

Back 35

X-radiations

Front 36

What are the 3 visible parts of a dental x-ray machine?

Back 36

1) Control Panel

2) Extension Arm

3) Tubehead