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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nucleotide |
a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
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deoxyribose |
a sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen |
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purine
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A double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
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nitrogenous base |
A nitrogenous base is simply a nitrogen containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base. They are particularly important since they make up the building blocks of DNA and RNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil. |
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pyrimidine
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A single ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms
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base-pairing rules |
base-pairing rules. plural noun, Genetics. constraints imposed by the molecular structure of DNA and RNA on the formation of hydrogen bonds among the four purine and pyrimidine bases such that adenine pairs with thymine or uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine. |
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base sequence |
Base Sequence is the order of the nucleotide bases (bond pairs) in the DNA molecule. The order is where the information is stored in the molecule. |
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complementary base pair |
either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA: guanine is the complementary base of cytosine, and adenine is the complementary base of thymine in DNA and of uracil in RNA. |
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DNA replication |
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replicationis an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell. |
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helicase |
Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes. There are DNA and RNA helicases. DNA helicases are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied. |
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replication fork |
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DNA polymerase |
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replication |
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mutation |
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
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Transcription |
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translation |
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protein synthesis |
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ribose |
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messenger RNA (mRNA) |
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
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transfer RNA (tRNA) |
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RNA polymerase |
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promoter |
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termination signal |
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genetic code |
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codon |
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anticodon |
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genome |
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