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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How would you define the term "gene?"
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Genes are segments of DNA that carry information that can be passed from parents to offspring.
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To what does the term "proteome" refer?
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This is a take-off of the word "genome" which refers to all the chromosomes an organism has. The word "proteome" refers to all the proteins an organism has. As we learn more and more about proteins, the more it is realized how what we are is based on proteins.
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What base pairs are complimentary in DNA and RNA?
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In DNA - A-T, C-G
In RNA - A-U, C-G |
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What type of bonds hold nitrogen bases together in the DNA molecule?
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hydrogen
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Name the three major types of RNA.
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m-RNA, t-RNA, r-RNA
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RNA has what sugar present?
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ribose
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DNA has what sugar present?
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deoxyribose
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What is the synthesis of m-RNA called in the nucleus?
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transcription
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What is the synthesis of a protein from m-RNA called in the cytoplasm?
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translation
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PCR technique is short for what?
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
This is a process scientists use to take a very small segment of DNA and amplify it into a useable long strand. |
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Where does the actual synthesis of a new protein occur in the cell?
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cytoplasm
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How many subunits are present in rRNA?
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2, one large and one small
During the translation process of protein synthesis, the mRNA strand is passed between these to subunits. |
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When changes in DNA occur which results in a non-functional protein, or a protein different from the norm, it is called what?
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mutation
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What would be the easiest way to describe a mutation?
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Mutations are changes to the DNA sequence.
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What is a point mutation?
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This is a mutation involving a single letter of a triplet causing an abnormality.
Single point mutation is responsible for causing sickle-cell anemia. |
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Name the three pyrimidines which are complimentary.
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cytosine (C), thymine (T), uracil (U)
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Name the two purines of nucleic acids.
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guanine (G), adenine (A)
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What are enzymes called that are responsible for the breakdown of protein?
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proteases
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What are enzymes called that breakdown nucleic acids into their constituent nucleotides so they can be moved to all the cells of the body?
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nucleases
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When a cell is not undergoing mitosis or meiosis, its DNA is found in what form in the nucleus?
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chromatin material (thread-like)
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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nitrogen base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil), a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), and a phosphate group
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What is a triplet of mRNA called?
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a codon
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What is a triplet of tRNA called?
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an anticodon
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What cellular organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
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ribosome
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