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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Herpesviridae
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Family of Class I DNA viruses. Enveloped icosahedral. Comparatively large (150-200nm). Episomal latency in neurons.
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Reactivation
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Due to stress, immunosenescence (decline w/ aging), medical interventions (surgery, drugs, X-rays), or cancer.
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Immune System Tolerates Virus
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Neurons are delicate, irreplaceable, and immunoprivileged (do not trigger immune response).
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Herpes Simplex Virus
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HHV1 and HHV2: environmentally fragile - destroyed quickly apart from host.
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Herpes Simplex Transmission
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HSV1 face (kissing) and HSV2 midsection (sex). Active sores transmit much more often than latent sores. Autoinnoculation possible.
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Herpes Simplex Activity
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Travels up nerve to dermis (mucus membrane). Replicates in epithelial cells. Inflammation and vesicle formation.
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HSV1 Symptoms
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5-7 days; itching, pain during the first half, sometimes tenderness, vesicle formation.
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HSV2 Symptoms
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7-14+ days; severe itching, pain throughout, often tenderness, sensitive vesicle formation.
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Herpes Simplex Abnormalities
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Newborns acquire from birth canal: life-threatening, demands C-section if mom is virally active. Whitlows exposed to HSV thru skin breaks: more painful & itchy, not permanent, heal in 3+ weeks.
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Herpes Simplex Prescriptions
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Specifics: Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir (best for chronic use). Prevent outbreak, shorten infectious cycle (drive virus into dormancy), reduce viral shedding (transmission).
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Herpes Simplex OTC's
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Mainly palliative (alleviate w/o treating underlying cause). May protect against 2ndary infections.
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HSV Prevention & Control
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Individuals w/ active sores should avoid physical contact. Condoms (HSV2). Gloves (whitlows). Vaccine (?).
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Herpes Simplex Vaccine
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Herpevac: glycoprotein subunit vaccine for both HSV1&2 still in clinical trials.
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HHV3
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Varicella zoster = chickenpox. Herpes zoster = shingles.
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Chickenpox Transmission
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Inhalation of respiratory droplets or physical contact with lesion secretion. Direct contact or indirect thru fomites (objects that serve as vectors of transmission). Humans only major host.
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Chickenpox Symptoms
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Incubation 10-20 days. Symptoms 2-3 weeks. Pruritic (itchy) rash, fever, malaise, anorexia.
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Chickenpox Rash
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Macules (spots) -> papules (raised) -> vesicles -> scabs. Spreads from trunk to face & forehead, sometimes extremities.
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Chickenpox Treatment
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Self-resolving. Antipruritics: calamine or caladryl, antihistamine lotions, soda bicarb baths. Antiviral drugs (simplex -clovirs) in extreme cases.
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Shingles Symptoms
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Fever and malaise. Pain, pruritis, & nerve disorders around 3 days. Around 5-8 days rash forms, becomes vesicles which scab & sometimes scar.
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Shingles Treatment
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Same drugs as chickenpox.
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Chickenpox Vaccine
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Varivax (alt. MMRV). Live attenuated. 1 dose at 12-18 months. Effective prior to infection. Lifelong immunity.
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Shingles Vaccine
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Zostavax. Live attenuated. One dose at 60yrs.
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Mononucleosis
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EBV (HHV4) causes most, then CMV (HHV5). Kissing route of transmission. Swollen glands symptomatic.
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
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Harbored in up to 95% of adults. B cell (NOT neuron) latency. Integrates DNA in host B cell as provirus.
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EBV Transmission
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Contact with oral secretions or objects carrying them. Blood transfusion. Sex. Organ transplantation.
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EBV Symptoms
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Initial malaise and headache. Later swollen lymph nodes, spleen, & liver, sore throat with grayish exudate, fever, rash, and jaundice (rare). May cause Burkitt lymphoma.
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Burkitt Lymphoma
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If B cell integrates viral DNA in genes responsible for cell division, cells replicate out of control to cause tumors.
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EBV Treatment
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Infection is permanent. Only symptoms can be treated. Bed rest and fluids necessary; surgery if spleen ruptures.
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EBV Prevention & Control
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Vaccine foreign clinical trials. Education is the main form of prevention. Avoid rough physical activity (spleen rupture risk).
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