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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is translation
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The process of a mRNA molecule being read by the ribosome to make a protein
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What are the different kinds of RNA?
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mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid.
tRNA = transfer RNA rRNA = ribosomal RNA |
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Where do you find ribosomes?
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Cytoplasm and Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Why don't cells just make proteins straight from DNA?
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The DNA would wear out.
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Why do we need proteins?
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Proteins are enzymes which do most of the work in a cell. Proteins are often the building blocks of body/cell parts.
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What is a codon?
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A combination of three nucleotides in a row on an mRNA strand.
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What is an anticodon?
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3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that are matched to the codon on an mRNA molecule.
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How many possible codons are there?
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64
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How many amino acids are there?
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20
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Why are there more codons than amino acids?
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More than one codon can code for an amino acid.
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Where does tranlation happen?
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In eukaryotes it happens in the cytoplasm or the endoplasmic reticulum. In Prokaryotes it happens in the cytoplasm.
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What happens at the A site in a ribosome?
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tRNA with correct anti-codon is matched to the codon on the mRNA strand.
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What happens at the P site in a ribosome?
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The tRNA moves to the P-site and releases its amino acid which is added to the growing peptide chain.
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What happens when the tRNA moves to the E-site of a ribosome?
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The empty tRNA molecule is ejected from the ribosome.
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When is the peptide chain cut away from the ribosome during translation?
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When the ribosome encounters a stop codon.
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