Dna: The Master Molecule Of Life

Front 1

Adenine

Back 1

A nitrogen containing base found in one of the nucleotide subunits of DNA. _____ is the "A" of the genetic code alphabet.

Front 2

Amino Acid

Back 2

The subunits that are chemically bonded together in proteins. The order of _____ in a protein is what gives it the ability to do its job.

Front 3

Anticodon

Back 3

The three letter word of a transfer RNA that corresponds to the amino acid it carries. The _____ matches up with the codon of the messenger-RNA.

Front 4

Bacteria

Back 4

Simple, one-celled, organisms that lack a nucleus belonging to the kingdom Monera.

Front 5

Cell Division

Back 5

The process that results in two cells being formed from one cell. Cell reproduction.

Front 6

Chemical

Back 6

Substances made from combinations of different elements.

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Chemical Bonds

Back 7

The way in which atoms are joined to one another. For example, in water an atom of oxygen is joined by two atoms of hydrogen by _____. The subatomic particles called electrons are responsible for creating _____.

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Chemical Reactions

Back 8

Events in which chemical bonds are broken, rearranged and reformed. Matter is changed by _____. This is what chemical compounds react with one another and new compounds are formed.

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Chromatin

Back 9

This is made up of the tangled, thread-like coils of chromosomes; contain DNA plus certain proteins.

Front 10

Chromosomes

Back 10

These are worm-shaped structures that develop from chromatin before cells divide. _____ contain DNA and protein. Human body cells have two full sets of 23 different _____.

Front 11

Codon

Back 11

A code word of messenger RNA that represents an amino acid.

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Complementary

Back 12

Two parts of a jigsaw puzzle fit together to make a whole. Therefore they are called _____ parts. DNA has two _____ strands because they are exact opposites of one another.

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Cytoplasm

Back 13

All the protoplasm located outside the nucleus.

Front 14

Cytosine

Back 14

A nitrogen containing base in a nucleotide subunit of DNA. _____ is the "c" of the genetic code alphabet.

Front 15

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Back 15

A long molecule shaped like a twisted ladder (double helix). The plans for running and reproducing cells are chemically stored in the _____. _____ is found mostly in the nucleus but small amounts of ____ are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front 16

Deoxyribose

Back 16

The sugar part of a DNA nucleotide subunit.

Front 17

Double Helix

Back 17

The double spiral shape of the DNA molecule.

Front 18

Enzymes

Back 18

Proteins that control the rates of chemical reactions. Digestive ____ such as pepsin and trypsin are produced by specialized cells. These ____ are exported from cells to break down food in the digestive tract.

Front 19

Gene

Back 19

A region of a DNA molecule that stores the instructions for making a particular protein. ____ are also known as the units of making a particular protein. ____ are also known as the units of heredity.

Front 20

Genetic Code

Back 20

The chemical language of the cell. DNA stores its instructions in the ____.

Front 21

Genetic Code Word

Back 21

Three DNA nucleotide subunits in a row, such as AAA or AGA, that represent amino acids.

Front 22

Transcription

Back 22

The process of copying a gene into messenger-RNA.

Front 23

Guanine

Back 23

A nitrogen-containing base found in a nucleotide subunit of DNA that is the "G" of the genetic code alphabet.

Front 24

Heredity

Back 24

Characteristics that are passed on from parents to their offspring. Genes are called the "units of ____".

Front 25

Hereditary

Back 25

Passed on from one generation to the next.

Front 26

Hydrogen Bond

Back 26

A type of weak chemical bond. ____ exist between two strands of the DNA molecule and between the messenger RNA codons and the transfer RNA anticodons.

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Molecule

Back 27

A combination of two or more atoms bonded together by strong chemical bonds (covalent bonds).

Front 28

Macromolecule

Back 28

A very large molecule made from thousands of atoms. DNA, messenger RNA and proteins are all examples of ____.

Front 29

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Back 29

____ carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to a ribosome.

Front 30

Nitrogenous Bases

Back 30

The nitrogen containing bases of DNA nucleotide subunits whose chemical names are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

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Nuclear

Back 31

Refers to the nucleus.

Front 32

Nucleic Acids

Back 32

DNA or RNA nucleus (Plural: nuclei) A rounded structure located in the cytoplasm. The nucleus is the cell's control center because it is where most of the DNA is located.

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Nucleolus

Back 33

"Little Nucleus" The area f the nucleus where ribosomes are made. Cells can have more than one ____.

Front 34

Nucleotide Subunit

Back 34

The subunits that make up DNA. Each nucleotide has a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar group and a nitrogen-containing base; either Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, or Guanine.

Front 35

Organelles

Back 35

"Little Organs" Structures in the cytoplasm such as mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, and Golgi bodies where different tasks are performed in the cell.

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Proteins

Back 36

Molecules made up of long chains of amino acids (polypeptides). ____ build living material, fight disease, and help transport things out of the cell. The important class of ____ called enzymes act to control the rates of chemical reactions. Most ____ are enzymes.

Front 37

Replication of DNA

Back 37

The process that occurs when DNA makes an exact copy of itself before cell division.

Front 38

Ribosomes

Back 38

The organelles where proteins are assembled.

Front 39

Ribonucleic Acid

Back 39

A type of nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, has one strand and that has the base Uracil instead of Thymine.

Front 40

Ribose

Back 40

A sugar group found in RNA nucleotide subunits.

Front 41

Structual Formula

Back 41

A diagram used by chemists that shows how atoms are arranged in molecules.

Front 42

Synthesis

Back 42

To make complex substances from simpler parts. Proteins are ____ from amino acid subunits. DNA is ____ from nucleotide subunits.

Front 43

Sugar-Phosphate Bonds

Back 43

Strong (covalent) bonds between the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the adjoining nucleotide is what forms the "backbone" of the DNA molecule.

Front 44

Terminator Codons

Back 44

Every messenger RNA message ends with one of three different ____. UAG, UAA, or UGA. Since there are no transfer RNAs with anticodons to match these messenger RNA codons, protein synthesis stops whenever a terminator codon is reached.

Front 45

Thymine

Back 45

A nitrogen containing base found in one of the nucleotide subunits of DNA. ____ is the "T" of the genetic code alphabet.

Front 46

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Back 46

A small RNA molecule that can pick up amino acids. By matching the ____ anticodon to the messenger RNA codon, the amino acid is put into the protein chain correctly.

Front 47

Translation

Back 47

The process of making proteins using the instructions of messenger RNA molecule.

Front 48

Uracil

Back 48

A nitrogen-containing base using in RNA molecules instead of Thymine.