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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who discovered the structure of DNA
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francis crick
james d watson |
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define selective breeding
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selective breeding is used to produce an offspring which has both parents helpful and good qualtities.
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define dominant
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dominant is the gene which is expressed when two different alleles are present
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define recessive
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recessive is the gene which is not expressed when two different alleles are present
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how many cells are there in an average human
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100 billion
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where in the cell are your genetic characteristics contained?
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chromosomes
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what are the chemical base pairs in DNA?
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Thymine and adenine
guanine and cytosine |
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define genetic engineering
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it is when your genes are changed to make you better, stronger, etc
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what does DNA stand for?
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deoxyribonucleic acid
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what is dna made of?
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phosphate (po4), base, and sugar
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how many chromosomes/genes do we have
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46, 23 from each parent
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what is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
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mitosis is hereditary material
meiosis is gender |
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what are the stages of mitosis and what happens?
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interphase: the cell in normal
prophase: the DNA separates into strands, spindle fibers develop around centrioles. metaphase: cell stretches, chromosomes double, nuclear membrane breaks up and disappears late metaphase: the chromosomes line up across the center of the spindle. anaphase: the halves of the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell telephase: new nuclear membranes develop, and chromosomes turn back into chromatin. cell develops "waist" interphase: brand new cells! |
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phenotype
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physical characteristic
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genotype
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genetic makeup
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homozygous
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having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
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heterozygous
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having different pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristics
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what is the info on the helix used for?
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they make and control proteins
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coda
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coda is the final passage or work
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why is it important that theres a start and stop coda?
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so it knows when to stop/start making a type of protein
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3 requiments necessary for chemicals to attach
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chemical makeup, electrical charge, and size+shape
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why do chromosomes need to be copied in mitosis?
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or else the DNA would be mutated
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why is it imporatnt to study large numbers of organisms when making an experiment
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they need to see the variations (recessive and dominant genes)
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why do u have complete dna in ur toe?
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it needs human dna
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self-pollination
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its when something mates with itself
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fission
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its a type of asexual reproduction
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mutations are caused...
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artficially OR naturally
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how is hereditary material passed on in non gender creatures
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by asexual reproduction like fission
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