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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who did the research on double- helical model for the structure of DNA
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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transformation
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a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell
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bacteriophages
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A virus that infects bacteria; also called a phage. (meaning “bacteria–eaters”),
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4 bases present in double helix DNA strand
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A(Adenine), T(thyamine)
C(cytosine),G(Guanine) A pairs with T, and G pairs with C |
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double helix
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The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape.
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who did help Watson and Crick proposed double helix strand
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Linus Pauling &
Rosalind Franklin (her photo) |
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semiconservative model
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Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the old molecule, and one newly made strand.
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origin of replication
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Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins.
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DNA polymerase
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An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork by the addition of nucleotides to
the existing chain. |
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replication fork
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A Y–shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.
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leading strand
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The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5′ → 3′ direction continuously by DNA Polymerase III.
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lagging strand
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A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork
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Okazaki fragment
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A short segment of DNA synthesized on a template strand during DNA replication. Many Okazaki fragments make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA
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DNA ligase
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An enzyme that attaches pieces( okasaki fragments) of lagging strang together to form a single new DNA strand.
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primer
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a short stretch of RNA with an available 3′ end
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Primase
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an enzyne that joins RNA nucleotides together one at a time, making a primer complementary to the template strand at the location where initiation of the new DNA strand will occur
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DNA polymerase I
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replaces the RNA nucleotides of the primers with DNA versions, adding them one by one onto the 3′ end of the adjacent Okazaki fragment
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Helicase
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an enzyme that untwists the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and making them available as template strands
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nuclease
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a segment of the strand containing the damage is cut out (excised) by a DNA–cutting enzyme called
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