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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA and RNA is the nucleotide containing what 3 molecules
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Nitrogenous base(A,T,G,C,U)
5-Carbon Sugar(Deoxyribose, Ribose) Phosphate Group |
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What are the two Pyrimidine Nitrogenous bases
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Thymine(T)
Cytosine(C) |
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What are the two Purine Nitrogenous bases
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Adenine (A)
Guanine (G) |
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Who are the scientists that deduced the secondary structure of DNA with X-ray crystallography?
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James D. Watson
Francis Crick |
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Who used X-ray crystallography to study DNA?
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Rosalind Franklin
Maurice Wilkins |
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Explain DNA structure
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sugar phosphate backbone, nitrogenous bases perpendicular to backbone in interior, bases hydrogen bonded give helix uniform shape
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DNA base bonding. What pairs and how do they bond?
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A pairs with T, forming a 2 hydrogen bond
G pairs with C, forming 3 hydrogen bond |
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Where is DNA and RNA housed in Eukaryotes?
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DNA in nucleus only
RNA throughout cell |
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What kind of model does DNA replication follow?
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Semi-conservative model allows for faithful repication
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What is central dogma?
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Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to Proteins
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What is Genotype?
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The genetic makeup of an organism
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What is Phenotype
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characteristics of organism
presence and action of proteins determine phenotype Genotype underlies phenotype |
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What is a gene
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a sequence of DNA that directs the synthesis of a specific protein
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name three hypothesis of Genotype and Phenotype in order of what is most accepted today
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1 gene- 1 enzyme
1 gene - 1 protein 1 gene- 1 polypeptide |
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How does transcription and translation work?
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DNA transcripts to mRNA
mRNA translates tRNA for protein synthesis (polypeptide) |
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What is a codon
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genetic code "word" sequence of 3 nucleotides used to construct protein
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How many codons are there? How many amino acids?
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64 Codons, 20 Amino Acids
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Characteristics of Genetic code is Redundant and Unambiguous what does this mean?
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Redundant b/c more that one codon for some amino acids.
Unambiguous b/c any codon for one amino acid does not code for any other amino acid |
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What are the stop amino acids?
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UAA, UAG, UGA
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What is the start amino acid and what is the name for it?
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AUG; methionine
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What is mRNA?
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messenger RNA; carries genetic code to ribosomes.
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rRNA
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ribosomal RNA; Component of ribosomes
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tRNA
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transfer RNA; carries amino acids to ribosomes
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Transcription
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make mRNA copy of DNA.
-RNA polymerase builds mRNA from DNA template |
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Translation
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make polypeptide based on codon sequence of mRNA.
-anticodon of tRNA allows it to bond to mRNA |
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Processing of Eukaryotic mRNA
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RNA splicing- removal of introns and joining of exons to produce a continuous coding sequence.
-undergoes process before leaving the nucleus |
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Ribosomes subunits: small and large. What are the sizes of ribosomes in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
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Eukaryotes- 40s and 60s (80s)
Prokaryotes- 30s and 50s (70s) |
