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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Where are all of the chromosomes kept?
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In the nucleus of a cell
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Two strands in a molecule of DNA are coiled together. What is this shape called? |
A double helix
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What are base pairs joined up by?
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Weak hydrogen bonds
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What base is adenine compatible with?
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Thymine
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What base is cytosine compatible with? |
Guanine
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Which two scientists studies x-rays of DNA together? |
Wilkins and Franklin
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Which two scientists made a molecule model of DNA by using Franklin's best x-ray picture? |
Watson and Crick |
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What is the Human Genome Project? |
An international project where 18 different countries shared data about the genome. |
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How many pairs of chromosomes are there? |
23 pairs
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How many individual chromosomes are in the nucleus of each cell? |
46- 23 from the mother, 23 from the father.
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What is a gene?
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A gene is a section or strand of DNA that contains instructions for making a specific protein. This could be for hair colour or eye colour!
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What are some advantages of the Human Genome Project?
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We could develop personalised medicines which cater to our specific needs and target diseases more effectively, OR we could find genes that increase the risk of diseases
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What enzymes do we use to cut out genes or parts of a plasmid?
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Restriction enzymes
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What is the name of the part of the bacterium cell that is modified during genetic engineering? |
The plasmid
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What enzyme is used to insert genes in to a plasmid? |
Lygaze
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Why does the process of mitosis happen?
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To replace damaged cells and so multicelluar organisms can survive |
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What is mitosis?
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Mitosis is where body cells divide in to two genetically identical cells.
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Describe the process of mitosis.
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Inside a diploid nucleus, each chromosone makes a copy of themselves. A spindle lines up the chromosones and their copies vertically. One set of chromosones moves to each end of the cell, and the cell starts dividing. |
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What is meiosis?
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It is the cell division process that creates ovum or sperm.
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Describe the process of meiosis.
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Each chromosone replicates like in mitosis, but the chromosones line up in PAIRS in the middle of the cell. The pairs separate and divide in to two. Then, in each split cell, the chromosones in each X split and divide in to genetically identical cells. |
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Are the daughter cells formed from meiosis identical?
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NO
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How are organisms cloned?
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The nucleus is enucleated from a diploid body cell, as well as the egg cell from the donor. The enucleated nucleus is joined with the egg cell, and a burst of electricity makes them start dividing. This egg grows in to an embryo, which is placed in the birthgiver, and the clone is born.
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