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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Whay is unicellular? |
Some organisms are "unicellular" meaning that they only consist of one cell. |
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What is multicellular? |
Some organisms are "multicellular" meaning that they consist of two or more cells. |
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What are Chromosomes? |
Inside the nucleus of each cell are the chromosomes. The chromosomes contain the "code" which tells the cell what to do and when to do it. |
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How many chromosomes do humans have per cell? |
Humans have 46 chromosomes in every single cell. |
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Describe how many chromosomes we have per cell. |
Humans have 46 chromosomes. 22 of these chromosomes are homologous pairs (autosomes) and 1 pair is the sex chromosomes (for determining gender). |
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What are Chromosomes made up of? |
Chromosomes are made up of DNA. The DNA for each chromosome is unique (except for identical twins). |
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Describe the chromosome. |
Each chromosome is a long, thin molecule. It is arranged in a linear fashion. Organisms have 2 copies of each chromosome in each cell. The 2 equivalent chromosomes are called a homologous pair. Humans have 23 different chromosomes, and each cell has 2 of each. One copy of the homologous pair of chromosomes comes from the mother and the other copy comes from the father. |
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What are genes? |
Genes are a section of the chromosome. Each gene carries the instructions for one cellular action. There are over 1000 genes encoded in each chromosome. |
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Where do homologous chromosomes carry their genes? |
Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes at same location or locus. |
Different word for location. |
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Different forms of the same genes are called what? |
A gene for eye colour can code for brown eyes and blue eyes (for example). These different forms of the same genes are called Alleles. |
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Chromosomes replicate prior to cell division creating what? |
2 sister chromatids held together by the centromere |
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What is it called when chromosomes are in pairs? |
It's called a "homologous pair" because both chromosomes have information for the same traits. |
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What does diploid (2n) mean? Provide an example. |
Cells that contain 2 sets of chromosomes are diploid. For example, human skin cells are diploid. (2n=46) |
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What does haploid (n) mean? Provide an example. |
Cells that contain only 1 set of chromosomes. For example, human sperm and egg cells are haploid. (n=23) |
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Describe what happens to diploid and haploid cells during fertilization. |
Combining 2 haploid cells creates a diploid cell. Egg (n) + Sperm (n) = Zygote (2n) |
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What is a Zygote? |
A zygote is a ferrilized egg |
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Describe Mitosis. |
Mitosis results in 2 identical diploid cells. It replaces the worn out cellw, repairs damaged cells and increases the size of the organism. It requires 1 division. |
The result, what it's used for and how many cell divisions? |
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Describe meiosis. |
Results in 4 non-identical diploid cells. It produces gametes (eggs and sperm) for sexual reproduction. It requires 2 divisions. |
The result, what it's used for and how many cell divisions? |
