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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DNA |
Double-stranded nucleic acid that makes up genes and chromosomes |
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RNA |
Single-stranded nucleic acid that helps make proteins |
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Messenger RNA |
Type of RNA that copies genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries them to the cytoplasm |
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Ribosomal RNA |
Type of RNA that helps form ribosomes and assemble proteins
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Transfer RNA |
Type of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes where they are joined together to form proteins
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Nucleotide |
Small molecule containing a sugar, phosphate group, and base that is a building block of nucleic acids
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Chargaff's Rules |
Observations by Erwin Chargaff that concentrations of the four nucleotide bases differ among species; and that, within a species, the concentrations of adenine and thymine are always about the same and the concentrations of cytosine and guanine are always about the same
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Chromosome |
Coiled structure made of DNA and proteins containing sister chromatids that is the form in which the genetic material of a cell goes through cell division
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Chromatid |
One of two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together at a centromere before a cell divides
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Chromatin |
Grainy material that DNA forms when it is not coiled into chromosomes
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Transcription |
Process in which genetic instructions in DNA are copied to form a complementary strand of mRNA
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Translation |
Process in which genetic instructions in mRNA are “read” to synthesize a protein
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DNA Replication |
Process of copying of DNA prior to cell division
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Codon |
Group of three nitrogen bases in nucleic acids that makes up a code “word” of the genetic code and stands for an amino acid, start, or stop
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Genetic Code |
Universal code of three-base codons that encodes the genetic instructions for the amino acid sequence of proteins
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Promoter |
Region of a gene where a RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription of the gene
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Protein Synthesis |
Process in which cells make proteins that includes transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA |
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Gene |
Unit of DNA on a chromosome that is encoded with the instructions for a single protein
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Ribosome |
Organelle inside all cells where proteins are made
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Purines |
A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties, forming uric acid on oxidation.
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Pyrimidines |
A colorless crystalline compound with basic properties.
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