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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fertilization
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during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join
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true-breeding
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if they were allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves
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cross-pollination
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cutting away the pollen-bearing male parts and then dusting pollen from another plant onto the flower
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trait
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a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
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hybrids
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the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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genes
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the chemical factors that determine traits
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alleles
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different forms of a gene
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Segregation
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the hereditary factors are free to move independently of one another, separation of alleles
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gametes
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sex cells
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probability
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the likelihood that a particular event will occur
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homozygous
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organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait
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heterozygous
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organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait
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phenotype
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physical characteristics
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genotype
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genetic makeup
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griffith's experiments concluded...
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bacteria could be transformed from harmless to disease-causing by an unknown factor
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Avery concluded...
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that DNA was the factor that caused one bacterium to transform into another
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Hershey and Chase concluded...
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that the genetic material of a bacteriophage is DNA
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transformation
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process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
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virus
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nonliving particle smaller than a cell which can affect living organisms
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bacteriophage
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one kind of virus that infects bacteria, means "bacteria eater"
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nucleotides
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DNA is a long molecule mad eup of units called...
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nucleotides are made up of:
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-5 carbon sugar
-phosphate group -nitrogen bases in DNA --purines ---adenine ---guanine --pyramidines ---cytosine ---thymine |
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chargaff's rules:
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a-t, g-c
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base pairing
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principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
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chromatin
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eukaryotic chromsomes contain both DNA and protein, tightly packed together
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histones
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chromatin consists of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones
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nucleosome
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together, the DNA dn histone molecules form a beadlike structure called a...
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DNA replication
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each strand of DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing
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replication forks
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the sites where separation and replication occur
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replication
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before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called...
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histones
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chromatin consists of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones
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nucleosome
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together, the DNA dn histone molecules form a beadlike structure called a...
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DNA replication
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each strand of DNA double helix has all the information needed to reconstruct the other half by the mechanism of base pairing
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replication forks
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the sites where separation and replication occur
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replication
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before a cell divides, it duplicates its DNA in a copying process called...
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TACGTT would be complementary to
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ATGCAA would be complimentary to
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dna polymerase
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the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication because it joins individual nucleotides to produce a dNA molecule which is, of course, a polymer
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