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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pokaryotes |
First living organisms on earth, simple cells without a nucleus or any organelles, they were ANAEROBIC |
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Anaerobic |
Pokaryotes are anaerobic Surviving without oxygen. |
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Eukaryote |
Cells with a nucleus and organelles, enclosed in a membrane. All living organisms today ,except for bacteria are all composed of eukaryotic cells. |
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What is a cell |
The smallest unit of all life. |
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What is DNA composed of? |
DNA is composed of nucleotides. |
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What is each nucleotide composed of? |
A sugar group, a phosphate group and one of four NITROGEN BASES |
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What is DNA |
A double stranded helix composed of units called nucleotides |
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What are the four nitrogen bases, and which pairs with which? |
Guanine with cytosine and thymine with adenine. |
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What is a gene? |
sequence of DNA which determines the genetics or characteristics of an organism. |
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What are homologous chromosomes ? |
Two chromosomes that pair up with each other in the cell during meiosis. |
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What are alleles |
Different forms of a gene |
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What are diploid cells |
Cells with both alleles for each gene Symbol is 2n. |
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What are chromatins and what is found in the form of chromatin? |
A very long strand of DNA, DNA is normally found in the form of chromatin. |
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What are chromosomes |
Form taken by the DNA in cells which are replicating (reproducing) |
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What are gametes |
Egg or sperm, genetically different from parent cells, has half of the original genetic information of the parent. Haploid cells (N) |
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What are Homologous pairs |
A cell that has two sets of each chromosome one pair from mom and one pair from dad. |
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What is produced in meiosis? |
4 gametes are formed in meiosis, each is genetically different. |
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What is mutation. |
Result of error in genetic sequencing of a cell. May be beneficial or harmful. |
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What are continuous traits? |
Traits which come in more than two forms. |
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What are dominant alleles |
Always expressed when present. Represented as capital |
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What are recessive alleles |
Only expressed when dominant allele is absent. Represented as a lowere case |
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What is a genotype |
Genes present in DNA of an organism. Two letters in the genotype. |
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What is Homozygous |
Two of the same allele for a gene |
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What are heterozygous |
Two different allele for a gene. |
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What is a phenotype |
Trait physically shows up in the organism. EX of phenotypes: blue eyes, brown fur, striped fruit. |
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What are Punnett squares |
A diagram used to predict an outcome of a cross or breeding experiment. |
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How are monohybrid crosses used |
Used to examine the distribution of one set of alleles in offspring. |
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What is incomplete dominance |
When a dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele. |
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What is codominance |
Both alleles are simultaneously expressed in the heterozygote. |
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What is complete dominance |
Were the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele. |
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What are the first 22 pairs of chromosomes called? |
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes. |
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What are sex chromosomes? |
The 23rd pair(XX or XY) they are not homologous. |
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what are sex linked traits? |
Characteristics controlled by genes found on the X chromosome. |
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What is a dihybrid cross? |
A cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits. |
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what is a GMO |
Genetically modified organism. |
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what is selective breeding |
A process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breathe to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits. |
