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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Griffith's Experiment |
Major finding: bacteria are capable of transferring genetic material through transformation -Living avirulent strain and heat-killed virulent strain = mouse dies (heat would've denatured proteins in virulent strain so proteins can't be the genetic material) |
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Avery-MacLeod-Mcarty Experiment |
Major finding: DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation -"Transforming principle" was destroyed by DNAse but not by proteases or RNAse - DNA must be genetic material |
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Hershey-Chase Experiment |
Major finding: when bacteriophages (DNA and protein in capsule) infect bacteria, their DNA enters the host bacterial cell, but most of their proteins don't) -Phosphorus labeled DNA (but not sulfured labeled protein) appeared in infected cells) |
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Nucleoside structure |
Base + Sugar |
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Nucleotide structure |
Base + Sugar + Phosphate |
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Purines and Pyrimidines |
Purines (A,G) - two rings Pyrimidines (C,T) - one ring |
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Bonding between bases |
Hydrogen bonding A-T is two bonds C-G is three bonds |
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Compare and contrast structural features of DNA and RNA |
DNA - 2 deoxyribose, Thymine, DS, stable RNA - ribose, Uracil, SS, less stable |
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Structure of B form of DNA |
-Right handed double helix -Major and minor grooves -Inter-sheathing of base pairs (staggered like bricks) - why DNA is viscous -Base pairs are perpendicular to helical axis |
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Structure of A form of DNA |
-Right handed double helix -Major and Minor grooves -More compact and shorter than B and Z forms -More BPs per turn -BPs are not perpendicular to helical axis -Conformation of RNA double strands and RNA-DNA double strands |
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Structure of Z form of DNA |
-Left handed double helix -Zigzagged -Long and skinny -Often repeats every two units -Generally unfavorable, transient structure |
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Higher order structures of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes |
Nucleosomes - DNA-histone complex Solenoids - nucleosomes folded into zigzag fashion to form 30 nm filaments Radial loops - solenoids folded into loops and anchored to chromosome scaffolds Chromosomes - further compacted radial loops with other proteins |
