Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
There is a very __ density of genes at the telomeres and recombination rates are ___ at telomeres. |
high higher |
|
|
____ are the only places where males have higher recombination rates |
telomeres |
|
|
What is the one known DNA component of the centromere? What does it do? |
alpha satellite its critical for attachment of chromosome to microtubules of the spindle fiber during cell division |
|
|
The centromere is surrounded by ____. The ___ refers to the protein structure on either side of the centromere |
heterochromatin kinetochore |
|
|
___ replicates early in the S phase and is found in both prokaryotes and eukarytoes |
euchromatin |
|
|
___ contains highly repetitive DNA, is never transcribed, replicates late in the S phase, is found near centromeres and at the end of Y chromosomes and is variable but never in prokaryotes |
constitutive heterochromatin |
|
|
___ can be genetically active but it is turned off and an example is the inactive X in females. Also not in prokaryotes. |
Facultative heterochromatin |
|
|
_____ sequences are NOT transcribed or translated but they control the transcription. Control whether the gene is on or off. These sequences are known as __, __, and __ |
regulatory sequences promoters, silencers and enchancers |
|
|
What makes up introns? |
spacer DNA |
|
|
Repetitive DNA makes up ___ of the genome and is divided into two kinds __ (____%) and ____ (___%) |
55% dispersed repetitive DNA (45%) Satellite (tandem) repetitive DNA (10%)
|
|
|
___ DNA is also known as transposable elements aka transposons these are the DNA sequences that can ____ and therefore ___. The two most common types are ___ and ___ and they are determined by the __ of the repeat units |
dispersed repetitive DNA jump cause disease SINES--> 90-500bp LINES--> <7000bp SIZE |
|
|
Satellite DNA is divided into three types, micro(1-13), macro (14-500) and alpha (always 171 and near centromeres) and its based on the ___ of repeat units |
number |
|
|
What type of DNA is useful for tracking inheritance of disease? |
satellite aka tandem repetitive DNA |
|
|
Where does DNA replication happen in eukaryotes? in prokaryotes? |
nucleus cytoplasm bc no nucleus |
|
|
What initiates DNA replication in prokaryotes? in eukaryotes? |
Primase DNa pol alpha which has primes and polymerase activity |
|
|
____ does DNA synthesis on the leading strand in eukaryotes |
DNA pol epsilon |
|
|
___ elongates Okazaki fragments on the lagging strands in eukaryotes |
DNA pol delta |
|
|
DNA pol e and d also have |
3'-->5' exonuclease activity |
|
|
telomerase has a __ |
portable RNA template and reverse transcriptase activity (RNA-->DNA) |
|
|
telomerases usually die with age except in __ |
cancer |
|
|
___ is phosphorylated when there is DNA damage. More than 50% of human tumors contain a mutation or deletion of this gene therefore if you only have one functional copy you will likely develop a tumor in early adulthood |
p53 |
|
|
The cell cycle is regulated by interaction of __ |
cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases they are separated by ubiquitin mediated proteosome degradation |
