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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleoside |
Pentose bound to nitrogenous base Base bound to C1 of sugar ATGC |
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Nucleotide |
Nucleoside bound to phosphate(s) Ex. ATP, ADP, AMP, GTP P bound to C5 of sugar |
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Ribose vs Deoxyribose |
Deoxyribose is Ribose w/ 2' -OH group replaced with -H |
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Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
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Alternates b/t the two; read in the 5' -> 3' direction
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Purines |
Two rings; AG |
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Pyramidines |
Single ring; CG |
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Aromatic |
-Cyclic -Planar -Conjugated (at least one unhybridized p-orbital per atom in ring) -Huckel's Rule: need 4n + 2 pi electrons; n is any integer |
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Chargaff's Rule |
Total purine (AG) = Total pyramidines (TC) |
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B-DNA |
Right handed; most common Turn every 3.4 nm and has 10 bases per turn |
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Z-DNA
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Left handed; turn every 4.6 nm and 12 base/turn High GC content or high salt concentration can cause this Biologically inactive |
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Denaturing |
Heat, pH, Molarity, Urea, Formaldehyde, etc |
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Reannealing |
can happen if denaturing condition is slowly removed |
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Histones |
5 types: H2A, H2B, H3, H4 are the histone proteins; you need 2 copies of each to form a histone core around which 200 bp DNA gets wrapped. This is called a nucleosome Histone H1 seals the DNA as it enters and leaves the nucleosome |
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Heterochromatin |
Compacted and transcriptionally silent. Dark under microscope |
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Euchromatin |
Dispersed, transcriptionally active. Light under microscope. |
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Telomere |
TTAGGG; repeating unit. Telomerase repairs telomeres. |
