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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene |
The most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/ or a protein. |
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Gene expression |
The manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits. |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteridtics. |
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DNA replication |
The process of making a copy of DNA. |
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DNA helicase |
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication. |
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DNA polymerase |
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule. |
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Codon |
In DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal. |
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Mutation |
A change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organaism. |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis. |
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Nucleotide |
An organic compound that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base, the basic building block of nucleic -acid chain. |
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Purine |
A nitrogenous base that has a double ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine. |
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Pyrimidine |
A nitrogenous base that has a single -ring structure; on of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil. |
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Transcription |
The process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using on strand of DNA molecule as a template. |
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Translation |
The transfer of a bacterial gene from one bacterium to another through a bacteriophage. |
