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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is DNA's full form? |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
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What is DNA's job? |
To store and transmit the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next. |
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What is DNA's structure like? |
A long molecule made up of units called nucleotides. |
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What are 3 parts of a nucleotide? |
Sugar (Deoxyribose), Phosphate group, and Nitrogenous base |
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What are the 4 nitrogen bases of DNA? |
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine |
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Specify DNA's Structure: |
Double helix, twisted ladder, spiral staircase Backbone of a DNA chain is formed by sugar and phosphate groups Nitrogenous bases stick out sideways from the chain Base pairing Hydrogen bonds form between certain nitrogenous bases to hold the 2 strands together Adenine = Thymine, Guanine = Cytosine |
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State the steps of DNA replication: |
1. DNA “unzips” (enzymes break hydrogen bonds) 2. New nitrogen bases attach to each side 3. This continues until 2 new strands are formed. |
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What are RNA's characteristics? |
The sugar in RNA is ribose RNA is single-stranded RNA contains URACIL pairs with adenine. RNA can leave the nucleus RNA is a “copy” |
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What are DNA's characteristics? |
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose DNA is double-stranded DNA contains THYMINE pairs with adenine. DNA stays in the nucleus DNA is the “original” |
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What is mRNA's job? |
Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins |
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What is tRNA's job? |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) – transfer each amino acid to the ribosome during protein construction |
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What is transcription? |
DNA → RNA Copying nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence of RNA |
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What are the steps of transcription? |
1. DNA “Unzips” 2. New RNA bases attach to 1 side only 3. The newly “copied” strand of RNA leaves the nucleus |
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What is translation? |
Takes place on ribosomes Cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins |
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What is a codon? |
A codon is a group of three nucleotides on messenger RNA that specify a particular amino acid. |
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What is the relation between tRNA and translation? |
As each codon of the mRNA molecule moves through the ribosome, the proper amino acid is brought into the ribosome by tRNA. Each tRNA molecule carries an amino acid. In addition to an amino acid, each tRNA molecule has three unpaired bases called the anticodon that are complementary to one mRNA codon. |
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How do the sequence of bases affect mRNA? |
The sequence of bases in DNA is used as a template for mRNA. |
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How to the codons affect the amino acids in proteins. |
The codons of mRNA specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins. |
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How do the amino acids create the proteins? |
A chain of amino acids forms a proteins. |
