Dm

Front 1

Disease characterized by hyperglycemia...

Back 1

diabetes mellitis

Front 2

Alpha cells produce?

Back 2

glucagon

Front 3

Beta cells produce?

Back 3

insulin

Front 4

conterregulatory hormone of insulin

Back 4

glucagon, cuases the release of glucose from cell storage sites when glucose is low

Front 5

what does insulin do?

Back 5

-allows body cells to use and store carbs, fat, protein
-allows glucose to move from blood into cells for energy

Front 6

Three characteristics of hyperglycemia...

Back 6

polydispia, polyuria, polyphagia

Front 7

what is basal and pradial?

Back 7

Basal - before meals
Pradial - post meals

Front 8

glycogenisis

Back 8

production and storage of insulin

Front 9

glycogenolysis

Back 9

inhibit of breakdown of glucose; epinephrine is released and causes increased glucose level

Front 10

ketogenesis

Back 10

conversion of fat to acid

Front 11

gluconeogenisis

Back 11

conversion of protein to glucose

Front 12

main fuel of the brain

Back 12

glucose

Front 13

Person who must have insulin is type...why do they need it?

Back 13

type 1; beta cells are destroyed, they make no insulin

Front 14

Characteristics of type 2

Back 14

impaired insulin production, decreased sensitivity, may need oral antidiabeticsq

Front 15

clinical manefestations of hyperglycemia...

Back 15

3 P's, fatigue, vision changes, tingling hands, decreased wound healing, recurrent infections,

Front 16

Type 2 common treatment

Back 16

excersize, diet, oral antidiabetics

Front 17

acute lifethreatening metabolic crisis, type I, blood glucose 250-500

Back 17

DKA - diabetic ketoacidosis

Front 18

DKA s/s

Back 18

-bld glucose 250-500
-dehydration, lyte embalance
-ketones present
-fruity breath
-low pH
-mental status change

Front 19

HHNS - hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

Back 19

acute condition; glucse over 500; absent ketones, no fruity breath, mental status change, severe dehydration

Front 20

Lab values indicative of DM...

Back 20

-fasting bld - 126 x 2
-oral glucose test 200 after 2 hrs
-hgb A1C - 7% or greater

Front 21

leading cause of death of diabetes

Back 21

MI; client has extensive CAD, cardiomyopathy, abnormal blood clotting

Front 22

most common complication of diabetes (Macrovascular)

Back 22

CVD; an increased risk of heart failure and left ventricuar dysfunction as well

Front 23

type 2 risks...

Back 23

obesity, HTN, dyslipidemia (excess blood levels of cholesterol and fats)

Front 24

Common Microvascular complications

Back 24

retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, diabetic diarrhea, loss of cardiac reflexes,defective counterregulatory systems

Front 25

how does the liver and pancrease work together for glucose control?

Back 25

The pancreas secretes a consistent basal amount of insulin to balance the liver glucose production

Front 26

insulin resistance

Back 26

when client needs 200 or more units due to developed resistance of antibodies binding to insulin

Front 27

Dawn phenomenon

Back 27

reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin; around 0500 to 0800 becomes hypoglycemic

Front 28

insulin waning

Back 28

progressive rise in blood glucose level from bedtime to morning

Front 29

Meds that increase hypoglycemic effects...

Back 29

ASA, alcohol, sulfonomides, oral contraceptives, MAOI

Front 30

Meds that increase glucose levels...

Back 30

corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, estrogen

Front 31

S/S hypoglycemia

Back 31

hunger, nervousness, palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, confusion, emotional sleep

Front 32

what effect does corticosteroid have on patient taking insulin

Back 32

it will cause blood glucose to increase, so insulin dose will be increased

Front 33

what is sick day?

Back 33

DM client calls in sick, notifies friend and physician, lets them know instructions, etc.

Front 34

What is teaching for Sick Day?

Back 34

-increase fluids/sugar free unless N/V; take insulin r/t illness increases bld glucose; check ketones

Front 35

Which has ketones present; DKA or HHNS?

Back 35

DKA

Front 36

Name fast acting insulin...

Back 36

Humalog (lispro)
Novalog (aspart)

Front 37

what is fast acting onset, peak, and duration?

Back 37

onset - 15 min
peak - 30-1/12
duration - 4-6

Front 38

What is only isulin used IV

Back 38

regular insulin

Front 39

Name short acting insulin..

Back 39

humulin R
Novalin R

Front 40

What is onset, peak and duration of shortacting insulin?

Back 40

onset: 30-60min
peak: 2-5
duration: up to 8 hrs

Front 41

Name an intermediate acting insulin...

Back 41

Humulin L
Novalin L
Humalin NPH

Front 42

What is onset, peak, and duration of intermediate insulin?

Back 42

onset: 1-2hr
peak: 6-12
duration: 14-20

Front 43

Name a long acting insulin...

Back 43

Humalin U
Ultralente
Lantus

Front 44

What is onset, peak, and duration of intermediate?

Back 44

onset: 4-6hr
peak: 8-20
duration: 24hr

Front 45

Whats the big deal about Lantus?

Back 45

-dont mix EVER
-onset: 70min, no peak
-Glargine

Front 46

Name an inhaled insulin and its teachings...

Back 46

Exubera; use before meals, 18 years, not for smokers (increased hypoglycemia); need pulmonary function tests

Front 47

Common side effects of exubra...

Back 47

cough, sinusitis, dry mouth

Front 48

What Class? Increases insulin production, increased sensitivity to insulin in multi targets

Back 48

sulfonylureas

Front 49

Name a sulfonylureas

Back 49

glipizide (glucatrol)

Front 50

Side effects of sulfonylureas

Back 50

increased hypoglycemia, renal