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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This class of drug enhance insulin secretion by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the cell membranes of pancreatic B-cells
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sulfonylureas
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This class of drug enhance insulin secretion by binding to a receptor adjacent to the binding site of sulfonylureas thus blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the cell membranes of pancreatic B-cells
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glitinides
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This class of drug inhibits gluconeogenisis, glycolysis, and enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and fat
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biguanides
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This class of drug increase insulin sensitivity by stimulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma thus increasing glucose transporter expression
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thiazolinediones
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This class of drug inhibits alpha glucosidase
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors
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This class of drug inhibits DPP-4 thus inhibiting the degradation of endogenous incretins.
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DPP-4 inhibitors
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What are the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on insulin and glucagon?
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increase insulin secretion
decrease glucagon secretion |
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This drug is a dopamine agonist that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of T2DM
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bromocriptine
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What is the target organ of alpha glucosidase inhibitors?
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brush border of small intestine
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what is the target organ of glitinides?
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pancreas
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What is the target organ of sulfonylureas
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pancreas
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what is the target organ of biguanides
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liver
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what is the target organ of thiazolinediones
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peripheral tissue
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what is the target organ of DPP-4 inhibitors
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GI tract
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What is the target organ of bromocriptine
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hypothalamus
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Does alpha glucosidase inhibitors affect pre or post prandial glucose?
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postprandial
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do glitinides effect pre or post prandial glucose
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postprandial
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do sulfonylureas effect pre or post prandial glucose
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preprandial and postprandial
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do biguanides effect pre or post prandial glucose
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preprandial
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do thiazolinediones effect pre or post prandial glucose?
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preprandial and postprandial
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Do DPP-4 inhibitors effect pre or post prandial glucose?
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postprandial
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Does bromocriptine effect pre or post prandial glucose?
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postprandial
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What class of drugs is not recommended for use in renal impairment?
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sulfonylureas and biguanides
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This drug, when combined with gemfibrozil may increase risk of hypoglycemia due to inhibition of cyp2C8
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glitinides
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What are the common side effects of sulfonylureas?
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hypoglycemia
weight gain |
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What are the common side effects of glitinides?
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GI effects
hypoglycemia |
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sulfonylureas undergo what type of metabolism?
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hepatic biotransformation via cyp2C9
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True or False: Diabeta (Glyburide) can be used in the renallay impaired patients as long as their CrCl is greater than 10ml/min
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True
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors are not recommended for use in patients with CrCl < what?
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CrCl < 25ml/min
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What are the common side effects of biguanides?
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GI effects
lactic acidosis |
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When is metformin contraindicated?
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SCr greater than or equal to 1.4mg/dL in women and 1.5mg/dL in men
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In addition to lowering blood glucose, what are the other benefits of using metformin?
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beneficial effects on LDL and HDL
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This class of drug has a black box warning for increased risk of heart failure
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thiazolinediones
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What is TZDs contraindicated in?
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when increased fluid volume is detrimental
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What are the common side effects of TZDs?
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fluid retention
heart failure fracture risk increased risk of heart attack hepatotoxicity |
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Which TZD is no longer recommended for use by the ADA
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rosiglitazone (Avandia)
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True or False: TZDs is also beneficial for LDL and HDL, while pioglitazone also improves trigylcerides
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True
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What are the common ADR of alpha glulcosidase inhibitors?
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GI effects
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What medication is contraindicated in short bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors are useful in what state of the disease process
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early state
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DPP-1 inhibitors are more useful in what state of the disease process
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recently diagnosed
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Which of the following are side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors?
diarrhea hypoglycemia nasopharyngitis upper respiratory tract infections headache nephritis pancreatitis hepatitis |
diarrhea
hypoglycemia nasopharyngitis upper respiratory tract infections headache |
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pancreatitis can occur when metformin is used in combination with what other agent?
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sitagliptin
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What are the common side effects of bromocriptine
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hypotension
syncope |
