Divisions Of The Nervous System

Front 1

neurons

Back 1

nerve cells

Front 2

sensory neuron

Back 2

sends info to neurons in the brain or spinal cord via nerves

Front 3

nerves

Back 3

long, tough strands of nervous tissue that contain thousands of projections from neurons and carry info to and from the brain and spinal cord

Front 4

CNS

Back 4

made up of the brain and spinal cord and integrates information from sensory neurons

Front 5

interneurons

Back 5

cells in the CNS that integrate info from sensory neurons and make connections between these sensory neurons and motor neurons

Front 6

motor neurons

Back 6

nerve cells that send signals to effector cells in glands or muscles

Front 7

PNS

Back 7

all neurons and other components of the nervous system other than the brain and spinal cord and the place from which sensory info is sent to the CNS

Front 8

reflex

Back 8

direct response to a signal without integration by the brain

Front 9

parts of a neuron

Back 9

cell body, dendrites, axon

Front 10

dendrite

Back 10

receives electric signals from axons of adjacent cells

Front 11

axon

Back 11

sends signal to the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons

Front 12

cell body (soma)

Back 12

receives signals from axons and is where incoming signals are integrated and an outgoing signal is sent to the axon

Front 13

electric potential (voltage)

Back 13

caused by a difference of electrical charge between any two points

Front 14

membrane potential

Back 14

form of potential energy created by the separation of charges when the electrical potential exists on either side of a plasma membrane

Front 15

electric current

Back 15

flow of charge that happens because like charges repel and unlike charges attract

Front 16

resting potential

Back 16

membrane potential across its membrane when a neuron sitting in extracellular fluid is at rest

Front 17

why is resting potential usually negative

Back 17

most of the large molecules in cells are acides, which release protons and contribute a negative charge

Front 18

main components of extracellular fluid

Back 18

Na+, Cl-, and small amounts of K+

Front 19

ion channel

Back 19

pore in the cell membrane that allows only specific ions to pass through

Front 20

equilibrium potential

Back 20

membrane reaches a voltage where there is an equilibrium between the amount of K+ that enters and leaves the cell (true for any ion)

Front 21

sodium potassium pump

Back 21

uses ATP to remove three sodium ions and recover two potassium ions