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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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All Living things possess what characteristics |
- Reproduce - Metabolize (ability to break down nutrients) - Made up of cells - Grow - Adapt and interact with the environment - Have levels of organizations |
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Prokaryotic means what |
Cells without a nucleus |
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Eukaryotic |
Cells with a nucleus |
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The six Kingdoms are |
Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Planta Animalia |
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What is an Autotroph |
They are organisms which are able to form nutrients from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide, energy from the sun and others (plants, phytoplankton) |
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What is a Heterotroph |
Are organisms which need to scavenge and find nutrients since they can't form their own (mammals, fungi, zooplankton) |
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What does it mean to be a unicellular organism |
An organism made up of one cell (eubacteria, archaebacteria, protists) |
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What does it mean to be a multicellular organism |
An organism made up of 2 or more cells (mammals, plants, fungi [except yeast]) |
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What is asexual reproduction |
Reproduction which produces offspring genetically identical to the one parent (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists) |
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What is sexual reproduction |
Reproduction which combines genetic material from two parents (Fungi, Plants, Animals) |
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3 examples of members from Kingdom Fungi |
Mushrooms, yeast, molds |
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Name some defining characteristics of a member of the fungi kingdom |
heterotrophic multicellular containing chitin in cell wall |
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How do bacteria reproduce |
They reproduce by binary fission (one bacterium cell divides into two identical daughter cells) |
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What are good bacteria |
Good bacteria, like the kind that live in your gut, help digest your food and fight invading microbes. They are some of the best decomposers. |
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What are the three main types of protists |
Animal-like: zooplankton Plant-like: phytoplankton fungi-like: slime molds |
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What are some defining characteristics of all protists |
eukaryotic organisms divide longitudinally unicellular |
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What is a vascular system |
A system which carries nutrients throughout a organism |
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What are rhizoids |
Simple roots (are not roots) that anchor the vegetation down and absorb nutrients |
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What is cellulose |
It is the main component of plant cell walls |
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What is Chitin |
A substance that forms the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi |
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What is a dichotomous key |
A two-part key used to identify living things |
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What is an Angiosperm |
It a vascular, seeded plant which it's seeds are enclosed within a fruit |
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What is a Gymnosperm |
It a vascular, seeded plant which it's seeds are not enclosed |
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What is a Bryophyte |
Is a non-vascular plant (mosses), doesn't have roots |
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What is a Tracheophyte |
A vascular, seedless plant (fern), has roots |
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What are Lichens |
A combination of green algae and a fungus growing together in a symbiotic relationship Lichens are found on rocks, soil, and trees |
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What are bacteria |
Prokaryotic, unicellular, heterotrophs that reproduce by binary fusion, are smaller than protists |
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What is the difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria |
Archaebacteria have a cell wall and live in harsher conditions |
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What are Protists |
Eukaryotic, mostly unicellular, heterotrophs which reproduce asexually by longitudinal fusion and are larger than bacteria |
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Where are protists typically found |
Most live in fresh or salt water |
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What are fungi |
Fungi are multicellular(except yeast), heterotrophic organisms with cells that possess many nuclei, they have no roots and contain chitin in their cell walls |
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What are plants |
Plants are multicellular, autotrophic organisms with roots that reproduce both sexually and asexually, and have a cell wall |
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What are animals |
Are multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs that don’t possess cell walls and reproduce sexually |
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How do angiosperms reproduce |
Pollen is produced on the anthers of the flower, egg cells are produced and held in the ovary of the flower. Pollination is when male sex cells are transferred to the female reproductive structure by insects or the wind. If the pollen successfully fertilized an egg cell, an embryo forms. The ovule develops into the seed which surrounds the embryo, the ovary develops into the fruit which surrounds the seeds, the fruit attracts animals which eat them. |
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What are the five main groups of vertebrates |
fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals |
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What are the general and class names of the 3 groups of fish |
Agnatha: jawless fish Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous skeleton fish Osteichthyes: bony fish |
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What are the names of the 3 groups of amphibians |
Legless Amphibians - worm-like caecilians Tailless Amphibians - frogs, toads Tailed Amphibians - salamanders, newts |
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What are the names of the 3 groups of reptiles |
Anapsida - turtles, tortoise Lepidosaura - lizards, snakes Archosaura - crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs |
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What are some defining characteristics of class Aves |
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What is the order of classification |
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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What are the names of the 3 groups of mammals |
Monotremes - egg layers - platypus, anteater Marsupials - born in extremely immature condition - kangaroos, wallabies, koalas Placentals - placenta helps nourish embryos |
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Class Agatha |
"jawless" the earliest vertebrates slimy skin no paired fins soft eel-like bodies the skeleton is cartilage lampreys and hagfish |
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Class Chondrichthyes |
cartilaginous skeletons Sharks and Rays Biting jaws Paired fins Sharks Possess sharp triangular teeth which are repeatedly shed and replaced Have sandpaper like skin (placoid scales) Do not possess a swim bladder |
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Class Osteichthyes |
"bony fish" flat, flexible scales Possess a 2-chambered heart External fertilization Possess small, balloon-like structures which allow them to float at different levels (swim bladders) |
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Class Amphibias |
350 million years ago the first fish made the transition onto land 100 million years after the first plants did same Limb-like fins for crawling and primitive lungs External Fertilization Eggs laid in freshwater Eggs hatch as herbivores, adult carnivore 3 chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle) |
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Class Reptilia |
Appeared 310 million years ago The first fully terrestrial vertebrates Have skin designed to reduce water loss Have lung tissue which is folded to increase surface area Possess a 3-chambered heart Embryos are housed in amniotic eggs |
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Class Aves |
Descended from bipedal crocodile-like reptiles Feathers evolved from the scales of these reptilian ancestors Feathers provide insulation and protectionPossess hollow bones and air sacs to reduce weight4-chambered heart No urinary bladder to help lighten the animal |
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Class Mammalia |
Mammals remained small and uncommon until the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 3 types of mammals: Monotremes - egg layers - platypus, anteaterMarsupials - born in extremely immature condition - opossums, kangaroos, wallabies, koalas Placentals - placenta helps nourish embryos |
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Bryophytes |
"mosses" Non vascular; no root system Grow in colonies, each individual plant is tiny Restrict to moist environments Depend on diffusion to deliver water and nutrients to cells Possess simple roots called rhizoids Pioneer plants |
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Tracheophytes |
"ferns" seedless have vascular systems Frond (leafy portion) is the most recognizable portion of fern Roots are called rhizomes No flowers or seeds Unfurled fern is called a fiddlehead Grow in shaded areas |
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Spermatophytes |
Vascular -seeded plants Have roots, stems and leaves Wide variety of Characteristics The most recently evolved group The seed is the major reproductive strategy; seeds contain a plant embryo Seed plant have separated male and female tissue Autotrophic the Majority live on dry land Range in size from small weeds to giant redwoods which can grow upwards of 100m tall. |
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gymnosperms |
Pines, spruce, junipers, cedars Most have evolved thin, needle-like leaves Needles help the plants resist the harshness of hot, dry summers and cold winters Needles are covered by a hard, waxy cuticle to retain moisture Have evolved roots that extend overs wide surface area important source of raw material |
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Angiosperms |
Vascular tissue Reproduce sexually Seeds are enclosed in fruit Grasses, wheat, corn, elm trees, maple trees and birches, are also flowering plants Their flowers are easily missed because they’re not large and colourful and their fruit is easily missed because it’s brown and thin No other division of plants has flowers The flower is the reproductive center of the plant Within the flower, meiosis occurs to produce the haploid tissue which will take part in fertilization. |
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What are the 2 groups of angiosperms |
Monocotyledons (one seed leaf) Dicotyledons (two seed leaves) |
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Nature designed fruit with specific properties, what are they |
Colourful Sugary Tasty Moist Soft |
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What are Invertebrates |
No backbone Number over 1 million species Include: sponges, cnidarians worms, mollusks, echinoderm, arthropods |
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What are Vertebrates |
Possess a backbone and a notochord for at least part of their life cycle |
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What are the 3 layers |
Ectoderm will form skin, feathers, scales, hair, nails and nervous system Mesoderm will form organs of the circulatory, reproductive, excretory and muscular systemEndoderm will form the lining of the gut |
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What is zooplankton |
heterotrophs Move about to obtain food Most surround and engulf their food Live in diverse range of habitats (though moisture is key) Reproduce through binary fission |
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What is Phytoplankton |
Contain chlorophyll and can therefore trap sunlight for photosynthesis Sometimes this group is called algae Euglena is a common plant-like protist It contains an eyespot (used to detect light) and a flagellum (to propel the organism through its aquatic environment) It reproduces asexually through longitudinal fission |
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What's a slime mold |
Like cool, shady places On rotting trees Moves between a cycle where they resemble other protist and a cycle where they extend into a slug-like form and creep around to feed on dead matter |
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Who's Carol Lewis |
a 1700 century Swedish biologist who established a system for classifying and naming organisms based on structural similarities Binomial Nomenclature |
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What is Taxonomy |
Science of classification of organisms |
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What is referred to blue and green algae |
Eubacteria |
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What is phagocytosis |
absorb food |
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What is classification |
A method of grouping things according to similarities and differences |
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What are the 3 types of adaptation |
Camouflage Warning Colouration Mimicry |
