Diversity Of Eukaryotes 2: Plants

Front 1

Major Plant Groups

Back 1

-Red and green algae
-Land plants (vascular and non)
-Nonvascular plants (liverworts, mosses and hornworts)
-Vascular plants (Club mosses and ferns, seed plants)

Front 2

Plantae is the kingdom of eukaryotes that contains a ____ ___.

Back 2

primary chloroplast

Front 3

Red algae contain Chlorophyll a and c (photosynthetic pigments), as well as _____ (red pigment)

Back 3

phycoerythrin

Front 4

Green plants contain chlorophyll a and __, energy (food) stored as ____.

Back 4

b, starch

Front 5

Features that allowed plants to colonize the land

Back 5

Embryos
Cuticle
Multicellular sporophyte
Gametangia

Front 6

Embryos

Back 6

Young plants contained within a protective structure

Front 7

Cuticle

Back 7

Wavy coating to reduce desiccation

Front 8

Multicellular sporophyte

Back 8

Diploid phase of the life-cycle is extensive and multicellular

Front 9

Gametangia

Back 9

Multicellular structure to protect the gametes

Front 10

In order to invade the land, plants had to invent...

Back 10

... protection from water loss, protection from UV light, uptake of nutrients and water

Front 11

Early land plants were lacking ____ and _____.

Back 11

leaves, roots

Front 12

Microphyll

Back 12

-none or at most one vein
-the first leaves
-small
-likely evolved from sporangia

Front 13

Megaphyll

Back 13

-extensive vascular structure of leaf
-likely evolved from branches

Front 14

A haploid phase (n=one copy of each chromosome)

Back 14

gametophyte

Front 15

A diploid phase (2n=two copies of each chromosome)

Back 15

sporophyte

Front 16

Humans are a ______ _______.

Back 16

multicellular sporophyte

Front 17

Humans produce ____ and sperm by ____ (the chromosomal division process that takes a diploid cell and creates haploid gametes).

Back 17

eggs, meiosis

Front 18

Eggs and ____ are single-celled gametophytes, these fuse to form a diploid _______. (n+n = 2n)

Back 18

sperm, zygote

Front 19

Sporophytes produce haploid _____ by meiosis. Gametophytes produce haploid _____ by mitosis. These fuse to form a diploid sporophyte.

Back 19

spores, gametes

Front 20

In the __________ plants, the gametophyte (haploid) stage dominates.

Back 20

nonvascular

Front 21

In the ________ plants, the sporophyte (diploid) stage dominates

Back 21

vascular

Front 22

_____ (sportangium) is the structure on a _______ (2n) that produces ________ spores through ______.

Back 22

Sporangia, sporophyte, haploid, meiosis

Front 23

Gametangia

Back 23

The haploid structure in a gametophyte that produces gametes.

Front 24

Archegonium

Back 24

Flash-shaped structure that encloses a single egg.

Front 25

Antheridium (think of anthers)

Back 25

produces sperm

Front 26

In mosses, the gametophyte _______.

Back 26

dominates

Front 27

In ferns, the sporophyte dominates, but gametophyte is an ____________, multicellular structure.

Back 27

independent

Front 28

Major divisions of land plants

Back 28

-Nonvascular land plants
-Vascular land plants
-Seed plants

Front 29

Nonvascular land plants include:

Back 29

-Liverworts
-Hornworts
-Mosses

Front 30

Vascular land plants include:

Back 30

-Lycophytes (club mosses)
-Ferns and relatives
-Seed plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms)

Front 31

Nonvascular land plants

Back 31

-Have protected embryos

-Lack an effective vascular system
-specifically, lack tracheids (special transport cells)

-Sperm have flagellae (require water to swim to female gametes)

Front 32

Liverworts

Back 32

-tiny, rarely larger than a few mm.
-specialized pores for CO2 transport and control water level
-most primitive of the nonvascular plants, lacking stomata

Front 33

Hornworts and mosses have a ______.

Back 33

stomata

Front 34

Vascular plants include:

Back 34

Lycophytes
Horsetails
Whisk ferns
Most ferns
Seed Plants

Front 35

Lycophytes currently exist as ____ _____.

Back 35

Club Mosses

Front 36

Most of our current coal deposits come from the remains of vast forests of Lycophytes and tree ferns from the _________.

Back 36

Carboniferous

Front 37

Seed plants

Back 37

-Presence of seeds
-Heterospory (have different gametophytes to produce eggs (megagametophyte) and sperm (microgametophyte)

Front 38

Seed plants

Back 38

Two major divisions
gymnosperms -naked seeds
angiosperms- the flowering plants

Front 39

Division of the Gymnosperms

Back 39

-Cycads
-Ginkos
-Gentophytes (Welwitschia)
-Conifers

Front 40

In Conifer reproduction, seeds are found in the __________ (cone), which contains a large number of individual megasporangia.

Back 40

megastrobilus

Front 41

In Conifer reproduction, pollen is generated by the __________, which contains a large number of microsporangia.

Back 41

microstrobilus

Front 42

Flowering Plants have:

Back 42

-flowers (which are highly modified leaf structures)
-double-fertilization
-covered egg

Front 43

Flowers are also known as

Back 43

inflorescences

Front 44

Monocots are things such as palm trees, yuccas, grasses, most major crops (rice, maize, wheat). However, most flowering plants are _______ (e.g., oak trees and daisies).

Back 44

Eudicots