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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define: Ethnocentrism
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view that one's cultural group is superior to all others
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Define: Privilege
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a right, advantage, or immunity granted to or enjoyed by a certain group of people beyond the common advantage of all others
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Define: Enculturation
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precess of acquiring the characteristics of a given culture and becoming competent in its language and ways of bahaving and learning. Learning about your culture
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Define: Acculturation
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process by which goups adopt or change the dominant culture...focuses on individual culture- like a blender
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Define: Assimilation
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process by which groups adopt or change the dominant culture- take your culture and the new and put them together like a salad. Everything is individual but also together
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Define: cultural pluralism
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the maintenance of cultures as parallel and equal to the dominant culture in a society
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Define: Meritocracy
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a system based on the belief that an individual's achievements are based on their own personal merits and hard work and that the people who achieve at the highest levels deserve the greatest social and financial rewards.
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Define: Multicultural education
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an educational concept and strategy in which students' cultural backgrounds are used to develop effective classroom instruction and scholl environments. It supports and extends the concepts of culture, diversity, equality, social justice, and democracy in school.
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Define: Ethnic group
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a group that is determined by living in a nation or maintaining ancestral tie even after having emigrated from another country.
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Define: Race
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an ethnic group that has a biological basis
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Define: biological basis of race
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sharing common genetic material or genotype among group members
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what else is there besides a biological basis of race?
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sometimes society decides who is what race: i.e.- Barack Obama
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Racism: started from beliefs that...
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a race is superior to all others...Thus, it is necessary that superior race has a predominant position in society
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Which race is superior and how is it proved?
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IQ scores
SAT/ACT scores |
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Is there a correlation between family income and test scores?
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yes...lower income=lower test scores
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Define: Social class
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as the social structural position, a group shares
-socioeconomic status -similar political resources -cultural knowledge, attitudes, and values |
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Reasons for Differences b/w Social Class groups in Education
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1. Cultural context of schooling
2. Teacher expectations |
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Cultural capital
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non economic resources that a group holds...described as the interactive and communicative code that a culture or society uses implicitly to frame how it views and understands phenomena...cultural beliefs, values, and lifestyles.
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Cultural symbolic capital
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music, language, dialect, etc.
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Differences of language use b/w the home and the school
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could be standard language or dialect. Impacts student/teacher interaction. They need to master learning after getting the different type of language.
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a question, “Is that where the scissors belong?”- problem with this...
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many african american families don't say things like that, they say, "no, they go in the drawer" the kids get confused when asked questions like this
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Official Knowledge
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school learning
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linking official knowledge to one’s local (home) context
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space and time= homework
family support= value of education, discussion of pedagogic context in the home - Poor kids can't fall behind simply because the parents aren't around. |
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What three parts must be in place for proper learning and acquisition?
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Academic Curriculum (teaching content and pedagogy), School (learning environment), and Family (home culture
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Prejudice
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Judging a person, his/her behaviors, attitudes, or values without other information
Often irrational and over-generalized |
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Stereotypes
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making a group of people simplify with very limited experiences- a resource for prejudice
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Steps in Prejudice
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1. Awareness
2. Identification 3. Attitude 4. Preference 5. Prejudice All developed very early |
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Awareness
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developing a sense of self and environment around them
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Identification
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specifying/classifying what is what, who is whom, and who has what
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Attitude
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Thoughts & feelings toward the others and their way of living
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Preference
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Valuing & giving priority to a physical attribute, a person, or lifestyle over another based on similarities and differences
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Prejudice
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: Extreme forms of preference. Become treat/think of some one without careful consideration.
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steps to discrimination
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Stereotypes→ Prejudice →Abhorrent Feelings → Discrimination
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difference between prejudice and discrimination
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prejudice= feeling/attitude
discrimination= behaviors- includes aggressive actions, ignorance, silence, distancing, avoidance |
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Teacher expectations may be influenced by...
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-social class
-students’ operation of the cultural capital -students’ behavior/physical appearance (esp. negative) |
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how do teachers convey their high expectations?
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-have overall warmth
-do more praise for performance -teach more(more reading, more difficult tasks, etc.) -give more opportunities to respond |
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What should we know about teachers and diversity (3 things)
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- teacher expectations can impact children's learning and its outcomes
- many teachers have lower expectations for children of color and from lower socioeconomic groups - you may be the only person who ever has high expectations for some children |
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percentage of children in poverty...4 races
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black- 33%
hispanic- 28% white- 10% asian- 9% |
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How many homeless people are there
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2.3-3.5 million/year
over 40% are families with children |
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how many children are homeless
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900,000-1.4 million
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Education of the normal homeless person
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half of them have a high school degree, 1/4 of them are attending college
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Why are people homeless
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1) can't afford to have a rental house with low income
- an affordable housing fee is at least 30% of one's income 2) domestic violence 3) mental disabilities, drug/alcohol dependent |
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Characteristics of homeless families
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- single mothers
- most homeless students are in school and regularly attend classes - homeless children are not as physical/mental healthy as others- lack of immunizations, depression and anxiety, abused or neglected |
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what was the federal poverty level in 2006?
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20,000 for 4
16,6000 for 3 13,200 for 2 |
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Is a poverty-level income enough to support a family?
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No! they need at least 2x as much. This is called low income
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How many U.S. children live in low-income families
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73 million
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How has the numbers of low-income children changed over time?
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Went down until 2000 when it started going up again.
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low-income families and parent's employment
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55%- at least one parent works full time year round
26%- at least one parent works part or full time part-year 19%- no employed parent |
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low-income families and parents' education
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26%- less than a high school education
36%- only a high school diploma 39%- some college or more |
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low-income families and family structure
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51%- single parent
49%- married parents |
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does the percent of children in low-income families vary by children's age?
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yes...42% of children under age 6 live in low-income families
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Does the percent of children in low-incom families vary by race/ethnicity?
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yes...
61% of latino children 61% of black children 28% or asian children 26% of white children |
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does the percent of children in low-income families vary by parents' country of birth?
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57%- immigrant families
36%- native-born |
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what percentage of teachers are white? What percentage are female?
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84% are white
75% are female |
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What percentage of students are colored?
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1/3
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Define: Values
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the qualities that parents find desirable and important in the education of their children. They include morality, hard work, and caring, often with religious overtones
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Define: culture
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Socially transmitted ways of thinking, believing, feeling, and acting within a group. These patterns are transmitted from one generation to the next
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Characteristics of a school that is multicultural
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1. composition of staff accurately reflects the composition of the U.S.
2. differences in academic achievement levels disappear between males and females, upper/lower class, etc 3. The school curriculum incorporates the contributions of many cultural groups 4. instructional materials are free of bias/ stereotypes 5. cultural differences are treated as differences, rather than as deficiencies 6. students are able to use their cultural resources and voices to develop new skills and explore subject matter 7. stuents learn to recognize and confront inequities in school and society 8. the staff see themselves as learners of cultural diversity 9. teachers are able to deal with questions of race, in a frank and professional basis |
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multicultural educators believe...
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all students have the right to learn, and can learn
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some standards that teachers must meet that deal with multicultural education
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- know about special education
- know about esl education - believe children can learn at a high level - makes students feel valued - understand how social groups influence people and how people influence groups |
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5 basic concepts that support multicultural education
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culture
cultural identity pluralism equality social justice |
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How do we get culture?
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It is learned
It is shared- i.e. language It is an adaptation- i.e. eskimos have different needs than pacific islanders due to resources |
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What two processes happen as we learn how to act in society?
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enculturation-
socialization |
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what is a word used to describe culture?
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It is dynamic- it changes continuously. Sometimes slow and sometimes fast...hairstyles, technology, etc.
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How are cultural patterns determined?
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by how the people organize and view the various components of culture
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