Dive Medicine And Phisiology

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A.G.E
Arterial Gas Embolism

Back 1

AKA gas or air embolism.
A condition caused by an inert gas bubble blocking some part of the arterial blood flow.
THE MOST SERIOUS POTENTIAL COMPLICATION OF DIVING

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Alveoli

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Tiny air sacs in the lungs located at the end of the bronchioles.
This is where gas exchange takes place

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Anoxia

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Complete lack of oxygen in the body's tissues.

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Aorta

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The largest artery in the body.

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Arteriole

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Small blood vessels which connect arteries to the capillaries.

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Artery

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Blood vessel which carries blood AWAY from the heart.

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Asphyxia

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A condition where both Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and hypercapnia (High Carbon dioxide levels) occur in the body.

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Barotrauma

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An injury due to a change in pressure.
Divided into two classes - Squeezes and Pulmonary Over-Inflation Syndrome (POIS).

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Bronchi

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Large tubes running from the trachea to each lung.

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Bronchiole

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Small air passages connecting the bronchi to the alveoli.

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Cutis Marmorata

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"Marbling of the Skin"
A dark blue, patchy discoloration of the skin.
Symptom of Type II DCS

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Cyanosis

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A general blueness of the skin, particularly in the lips and nail beds.

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D.C.S.
Decompression Sickness

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A condition caused by inert gas bubbles forming in the body's tissues and blood as a a result of insufficient decompression.
AKA "The Bends"

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Diaphragm

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The major breathing muscle
Located just beneath the lungs

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Dyspnea

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Difficulty breathing, Shortness of breath

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Edema

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Swelling of the body's tissues due to fluid buildup.
Symptom of Type I DCS.

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Eustachian Tubes

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Small tubes connecting the throat and the middle ears that allow air to enter the middle ear for pressure equalization.

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External Respiration

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Exchange of gases between the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs.

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Hemoglobin

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Chemical compound found in the red blood cells.
It binds with oxygen and carries the O2 molecules to all the body's tissues.

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Hypercapnia

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An excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the body's tissues

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Hyperthermia

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Heat stress caused by a rise in the body's core temperature of 1 deg C or 1.8 deg F

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Hypothermia

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Heat stress caused by a drop in the body core temperature below normal 98.6 deg F or 37 deg C

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Hypovolemia

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Decreased blood and fluid volume in the body.

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Internal Respiration

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Gas exchange between the capillaries and the cells of the body.

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Mediastinal Emphysema

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Condition caused by escaped air from a lung over-pressurization accumulating in the center of the chest around the heart, major blood vessels, and trachea

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Onset

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When something begins

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Oval Window

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Very tiny, delicate membrane separating the middle and inner ears that allows transfer of sound to the inner ear.

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Parasthesia

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A tingling or "Pins and Needles" feeling.
This can be a symptom of type II DCS

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Pleura

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A thin membrane which covers the lungs.

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Pneumothorax

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Condition caused by escaped air from a lung from over-pressurization accumulating between the pleura and the chest wall.
AKA collapsed lung

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Plasma

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Liquid portion of the blood, which does not contain any cells

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Pulmonary Circuit

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Part of the circulatory system which serves the lungs. Consists of the pulmonary capillaries, veins, arteries and the right side of the heart.

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Round Window

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Very tiny, delicate membrane separating the middle and inner ears.

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Subcutaneous Emphysema

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Condition caused by escaped air from a lung over-pressurization accumulating in the tissues beneath the skin at the base of the neck.

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Syncope

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Sudden loss of consciousness

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Tidal Volume

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The volume of air breathed in and out.
Averages about 0.5 liter.

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Trachea

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The "Windpipe"
A tube which connects the mouth and the throat with the bronchi of the lungs.

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Ventricle

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The lower, larger chamber in the heart. The human heart has two ventricles. The left ventricle is the largest and most powerful of the 4 chambers.

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Vital Capacity

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Largest volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation.

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CNS
Central Nervous System

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The brain and spinal cord

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PNS
Peripheral Nervous System

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Consists of all remaining peripheral nerves and nerve beds.

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Circulatory System

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A closed container and pump system consisting of the Heart, Blood vessels, and Blood.

Brings O2, nutrients and hormones to every cell in the body.
Carries away CO2 and other waste products

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Pulmonary Circuit

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Flow of blood to and from the heart.
Pumped by chambers on the right side of the heart.

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Systemic Circuit

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flow of blood to and from the rest of the body. Pumped by chambers on the left side of the heart.

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Blood

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Fluid which serves as the medium of transport for gases and nutrients to the cells and carries waste products away from the cells.
Average human contains 5-6 liters of blood.
Contains- Plasma, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets.

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Plasma

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Liquid portion of blood.
50% of blood by volume
Cools the tissues