Dive Biology Wk 6

Front 1

Cytology

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The scientific study of the formation, structure, and function of cells.

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Synthesis

Back 2

The formation of a chemical compound through the combination of simpler compounds or elements.

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Respiration

Back 3

The process by which organisms exchange gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, with the environment.

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Excretion

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The elimination by an organism of waste products that result from metabolic processes.

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Egestion

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the process of egesting; the voiding of the refuse of digestion.

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Secretion

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The process of secreting a substance from a cell or gland.

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Homeostasis

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The tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal conditions, such as the chemical composition of its body fluids, so as to maintain health and functioning, regardless of outside conditions.

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Reproduction

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The process by which cells and organisms produce other cells and organisms of the same kind.

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Tissue

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A large mass of similar cells that make up a part of an organism and perform a specific function.

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Organ

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A distinct part of an organism that performs one or more specialized functions. Examples of organs are the eyes, ears, lungs, and heart of an animal, and the roots, stems, and leaves of a plant.

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Organ system

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is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task.

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Eukaryote

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An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins (histones) into chromosomes.

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Prokaryote

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Any of a wide variety of one-celled organisms of the kingdom Monera (or Prokaryota) that are the most primitive and ancient known forms of life.

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Phagocytosis

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The engulfing and ingestion of bacteria or other foreign bodies by phagocytes.

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Turgor pressure

Back 15

or turgidity is the main pressure of the cell contents against the cell wall in plant cells and bacteria cells, determined by the water content of the vacuole, resulting from osmotic pressure, i.e. the hydrostatic pressure produced by a solution in a space divided by a semipermeable membrane due to a differential in the concentration of solute.

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Isotonic solution

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a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood

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Hypotonic solution

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any solution with a lower salt concentration than normal body cells so that water flows into the cells by osmosis; any solution with a lower osmotic pressure than another solution

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Hypertonic solution

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any solution with a higher salt concentration than normal body cells so that the water is drawn out of the cells by osmosis; any solution with a higher osmotic pressure than another solution

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Cytolysis

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The dissolution or destruction of a cell.

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Plasmolysis

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contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis.

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Contractile vacuole

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a membrane-enveloped cellular organelle, found in many microorganisms, that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior: thought to be important in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium.

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Passive transport

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The movement of a chemical substance across a cell membrane without expenditure of energy by the cell, as in diffusion.

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Passive mediated transport

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in cell biology, a process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules

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Active transport

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the movement of ions or molecules across a cellular membrane from a lower to a higher concentration, requiring the consumption of energy.