Dive Biology Wk 4

Front 1

Energy

Back 1

The capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity to move an object (of a given mass) by the application of force.

Front 2

Entropy

Back 2

A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system not available to do work.

Front 3

Diffusion

Back 3

The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front 4

First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 4

an expression of the principle of conservation of energy, states that energy can be transformed (changed from one form to another), but cannot be created or destroyed.

Front 5

Osmosis

Back 5

The tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane.

Front 6

Solution

Back 6

A mixture in which particles of one or more substances (the solute) are distributed uniformly throughout another substance (the solvent), so that the mixture is homogeneous at the molecular or ionic level.

Front 7

semipermeable membrane

Back 7

a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecules to pass through but not others

Front 8

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Back 8

states that "in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state."

Front 9

solute

Back 9

A substance that is dissolved in another substance (a solvent), forming a solution.

Front 10

solvent

Back 10

A substance that can dissolve another substance, or in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution. Water is the most common solvent.

Front 11

Exothermic

Back 11

Relating to a chemical reaction that releases heat.

Front 12

Catalyst

Back 12

A substance that starts or speeds up a chemical reaction while undergoing no permanent change itself. The enzymes in saliva, for example, are catalysts in digestion.

Front 13

Colloid

Back 13

A mixture in which very small particles of one substance are distributed evenly throughout another substance.

Front 14

Activation energy

Back 14

The least amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place.