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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the different classes of diuretics?
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
thiazides loop diuretics potassium sparing diuretics osmotic diuretics miscellaneous |
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What are the uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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glaucoma, epilepsy, prophylaxis for Acute Mountain Sickness, not usually used as a diuretic
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What are the adverse effects of CAI's?
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metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, drowsiness, tingling in extremities
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What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?
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inhibit Na/Cl cotransporter on thee luminal membrane
most effect at distal convoluted tubule |
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What are the effects of thiazides on the composition of urine composition?
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increase Na, K, Cl, HCO3, and H2O.
decrease in Calcium excretion |
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What are the uses of thiazides?
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hypertension
CHF hypercalciuria diabetes insipidus nephrotic syndrome |
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What are the adverse effects of thiazides?
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hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypovolemia, increase LDL
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What is the MOA of loop diuretics?`
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inhibits the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in the luminal duct of the ascending limb of the loop of henle
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What is the effect of loop diuretics on urine composition?
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increase of Na, Ca, Cl, H2O
also increase of HCO3 at high concentrations |
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What are the uses of loop diuretics?
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acute pulmonary edema, cardiac/hepatic/renal edema
hypertension hypercalcemia |
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What are the adverse effects of loop diuretics?
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electrolyte disturbances
hypovolemia hypokalemia hyponatremia hyperuricemia hyperglycemia Ototoxicity increase LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides |
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What is the MOA of potassium sparing diuretics?
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aldosterone receptor antagonists (spironolactone)
renal Na channel inhibitors |
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What effect does spironolactone have on urine composition?
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increases Na, Cl, and H2O
decreases K and H |
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What are the therapeutic uses of spironolactone?
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primary hyperaldosteronism
prevent hypokalemia caused by other diuretics drug of choice in hepatic cirrhosis patients |
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What are the adverse effects of spironolactone?
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hyperkalemia
gynecomastia in men menstrual irregularities in women |
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What is the MOA of triameterene?
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inhibit luminal Na channel late distal tubule and collecting duct
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What are the theraputic uses of triameterene and amiloride?
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secondary hyperaldosteronism
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What are the uses of therapeutic diuretics?
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maintain urine flow
oliguric acute renal failure reduce intracranial pressue not useful for mobilizing edema |
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What are the adverse effects of osmotic diuretics?
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overexpansion of extracellular fluid
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