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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanism of Action |
Blocks sodium, chloride and H20 reabsorption along the nephron. Drugs whose action occurs early in the nephron generate greater diuretic effect than those that occur further along the nephron. |
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Uses |
Edema and volume overload Hypertension Heart failure: congestive |
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Side/Adverse Effect |
Hypovolemia and dehydration Electrolytes: Sodium and chloride depletion (hyponatremia) Potassium depletion, or if aldosterone blocked, excess. (hypokalemia) |
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Nursing Consideration |
Assess volume: Output>Input. Monitor weights. Physical assessment (edema, skin turgor, mucous membrane) and orthostatic vital signs. Assess electrolytes for abnormalities. Dose in AM to prevent nocturia. |
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Osmotics- Mannitol |
Proximal convoluted tubule- least commonly used. Non-reabsorbed "sugar" solute added to filtrate. Water pulled into tubule by osmotic gradient. Used for: kidney protection during low flow states, intracranial hypertension, and increased intraocular pressure. Vascular osmotic effect (sucks water into the blood stream which increases volume) DO NOT GIVE TO PT W/ HEART FAILURE. |
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Furosemide (LASIX) |
Loop. Blocks reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water in the ascending loop of Henle. Used for: hypertension and fluid overload/edema Effective in pt with reduced GFR (<15-20mL/min) ESRD. Ototoxic: can cause deafness |
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Hydrochlorothiazide |
Early distal tubule. Similar to furosemide but not as powerful. Ineffective with pt with low GFR Used for: Hypertension |
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Spironolactone |
(aka Potassium sparing diuretic) Late distal tubule. Inhibit aldosterone @ LDT in mild sodium and water excretion and substantial potassium reabsorption. Used for: Induces mild diuresis. Reduces morbidity and mortality in pt with congestive heart failure by blocking aldosterone. |
