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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prototype: acetazolamide (Diamox) |
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase so no Na and CHO3 from proximal tubule, loss of HCO3 produces acidosis, weak diuretic action alone (other mechanisms compensate effects) INDICATIONS: glaucoma- decrease aqueous humor production and intraocular pressure |
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Prototype: furosemide (Lasix) |
Inhibits ion reabsorption in ascending loop = increase excretion, dilutes hypertonic IF; impairs concentrating ability, most effective, additional K excretion due to distal compensation = hypokalemia INDICATIONS: edema- move a lot of fluid fast, used for emergencies or when others are not effective, electrolyte monitoring is essential/ hypertension- not initial drug of choice, severe electrolyte disturbances (not better than thiazide) SIDE EFFECTS: Hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, allergic reactions, ototoxicity, magnesium depletion |
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Prototype: hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril) |
Inhibits ion reabsorption in the distal tubule (increase ion excretion, moderate efficacy, additional K excretion due to distal compensation hypokalemia INDICATIONS: mild to moderate edema and hypertension (often drug of choice) SIDE EFFECTS: Hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, allergic reactions |
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Spironolactone (Aldactone)SARA |
Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist, inhibits Na and K exchange (increase Na excretion and K reabsorption), weak diuretic action, used in combo with K depleting diuretics INDICATIONS: CHF and primary hyperaldosteronism SIDE EFFECTS: gynecomastia, hirsutism |
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Triamterene (Dyrenium) and amiloride (Midamor) |
MECH: directly inhibits Na reabsorption from distal tubule, action is independent of aldosterone, no steroid related side effects |
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Prototype: mannitol (Osmitrol) |
IV, filtered at glomerulus (not reabsorbed), bring water into blood stream and kidney tubules (increasing water excretion), few significant electrolyte disturbances, used to treat edema and renal failure |
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Allopurinol (Zyloprim) |
decreases uric acid synthesis, skin rash is a side effect |
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Probenecid (Benemid |
Inhibits uric acid reabsorption from proximal renal tubule/ headaches and GI complaints |
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Pegloticase (Krystexxa) |
Enzyme that breaks down uric acid to a harmless chemical, injected into iv every 2 weeks/ black box warning: anaphylaxis and infusion reations |
