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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acetazolamide
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
oral |
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Aldosterone antagonists that act at the collecting tubule?
(K+ sparing) |
Spironolactone
Eplerenone |
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brinzolamide
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
ophthalmic |
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dorzolamide
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
ophthalmic |
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bumetanide
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loop diuretic
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ethacrynic acid
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loop diuretic
-not a sulfonamide derivative -more common to cause ototoxicity |
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furosemide
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loop diuretic
Brand name: Lasix "last six hours" |
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?
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Works at the proximal convoluted tubule.
MOA net result: Increased excretion of Na+ and HCO3- **This increases urine pH ~8 -this can potentially cause metabolic acidosis. ADRs: Sulfa allergies -may worsen hepatic encephalopathy -renal stone formation -worsen metabolic or respiratory acidosis -can potentiate hypokalemia -can decrease excretion of other drugs due to pH increase |
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dichlorphenamide
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
oral |
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HCTZ
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Thiazide diuretic
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chlorothiazide
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Thiazide diuretic
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indapamide
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Thiazide diuretic
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Loop Diuretics?
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MOA: blocks the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter to prevent reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, increasing tubular excretion.
Also decreases potential difference and increases excretion of Ca++ and Mg++ Basically increases excretion of all ions. METABOLIZED: liver **contraindicated with sulfa allergy** EXCEPT ethacrynic acid ADRs hypo-natremia, -kalemia, -magnesmia, -calcemia, severe dehydration -ototoxicity -hyperuricemia -hyperglycemia -increase LDL, not significant -photosynsensitivity -increase dig induced arrhythmias -decrease lithium clearance -increase propanolol in the plasma -NSAIDs decrease diuretic response |
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chlorthalidone
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Thiazide diuretic
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Loops increase _______ ion excretion?
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calcium
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Mannitol
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Osmotic diuretic
-given IV Clinical uses: -intracranial pressure -intraocular pressure -reduces dialysis disequilibrium syndrome ADRs: severe dehydration hypokalemia headache, nausea, vomiting DIs -increases urinary excretion of lithium -promotes excretion of salicylates, barbiturates, imipramine |
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methazolamide
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
oral |
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metolazone
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Thiazide diuretic
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Na+ channel antagonists at the site of the collecting tubule?
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Triamterene
Amiloride (K+ sparing) |
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Adverse effects of spironolactone?
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Hyperkalemia
gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual irregularities, decreased libido CNS may induce gastritis/gastric bleeding skin rash Altered clearance of digoxin. |
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Osmotic Diuretics
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-Freely filtered at glomerulus
-limited tubular reabsorption Primary site of action: Loop of Henle -some activity at proximal tube Increases the urinary excretion of almost all electrolytes: Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-, HCO3-, phosphate |
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Adverse effects of eplerenone?
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More selective for the aldosterone receptor, less androgen/testosterone effects.
Hyperkalemia GI disorders |
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretics?
2 types? Site of Action? |
Na+ channel antagonists: work by blocking Na+ channels
Aldosterone antagonists: -inhibits the binding of aldosterone to its receptor -regulates Na+ and enhances K+ secretion -increases activity of Na+/K+ ATPase and Na+ and K+ channels Site of action: collecting tubule These are generally weak diuretics that are seldom used alone. They are used to counteract hypokalemia caused by loops or thiazide diuretics. |
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Therapeutic uses of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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Open angle glaucoma
Adjunctive therapy for epilepsy Prevention of altitude sickness Correction of Metabolic Alkalosis |
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Thiazide Diuretics?
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These work in the distal convoluted tubule.
MOA: block the NaCl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, inhibiting reabsorption -only moderately effective, 90% of the filtered load has been reabsorbed before reaching the distal tubule. -reduces Ca++ excretion Thiazide diuretics are ineffective when GFR is low. Quinidine and thiazides may result in prolongation of QT intervals and can lead to torsades de pointes ADRs -hypotension, hypo: -kalemia, -natremia, -cholermia, -magnesemia -metabolic alkalosis -hypercalcemia-reduces urinary Ca++ concentrations -hyperuricemia -diminishes effects of anticoagulants -effectiveness reduced by NSAIDS, bile acid sequesterants AEs -photosensitivity -CNS -GI -ED/impotentence |
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glycerin
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oral osmotic diuretic
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Thiazides ________ excretion of Ca++?
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decrease
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isosorbide
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oral osmotic diuretic
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Thiazides are ________ when GFR is low?
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ineffective
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torsemide
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loop diuretic
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urea
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Osmotic diuretic
-given IV |
