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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetazolamide |
Class: Carbinic anhydrase inhibitor Use: open angle glaucoma, mountain sickness, epilepsy, alkalosis caused by thioazides Adverse effects: acidosis, nephrolithiasis, hypokalemia |
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Doezolamide |
Class: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Use: open angle glaucoma Adverse effects: localized reaction |
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Mannitol |
Class: osmotic diuretic Use: cerebral edema, acute angle glaucoma, prevention of oligouria in acute renal failure Adverse effect: hypovolemia if normal kidney function, hypervolemia in renal disease |
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Furosemide |
Class: Loop diuretic Use: acute pulmonary edema, heart failure, hypercalcemia Adverse effect: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia |
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Ethacrynic acid |
Class: Loop diuretic Use: same as furosemide in patients who are hypersensitive |
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Hydrochlorothiazide |
Class: Thiazide Use: 1st line for hypertension, edema, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Adverse effect: hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, |
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Indapamide |
Type: Congener Use: same as thiazides |
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Triamterene |
Class: Potassium sparing diuretic |
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Amiloride |
Class: Potassium sparing diuretic Use: hypokalemia, lithium induced diabetes insipidus Adverse effect: hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis |
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Spironolactone |
Class: Potassium sparing diuretic Use: hyperaldosteronism, severe heart failure Adverse effect: sexual dysfunction |
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Conivaptan |
Class: Vasopressin antagonist Use: SIADH, euvolemic hyponatremia Adverse effect: fusion site reaction, hypokalemia, drug interaction (inhibit CYP3A4), postural hypotension |
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Tolvaptan |
Class: V2 antagonist Use: same as conivaptan Adverse effect: nausea |
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Details of Carbonic anhydrase |
Location: PC tubule Renal effect: ⬆️Na+, K+, and HCO3- excretion; ⬇️NH4+ and H+ excretion Other effects: ⬇️aq. Humor;⬇️CSF Adverse effect: hypokalemia, nephrolithiasis, hyperchloremic acidosis, allergy Contraindication: COPD, hepatic cirrhosis |
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Osmotic diuretics |
Location: Proximal tubule and TDL Mechanism: osmotic effect Renal effect: ⬆️ cation, Cl-, HCO3-, and PO43- excretion. No acid/base change Other effects: ⬇️intraocular and intracranial pressure Adverse effects: hypovalemia and hypernatremia in high doses with normal kidney function; hypervolemia and hyponatremia in patients with cardiac or renal disease--> edema Contraindication: severe renal failure, heart failure, dehydration |
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Loop diuretics |
Location: TAL Mechanism: blocks Na+/K+/Cl- symport Renal effect: ⬆️Mg2+ and Ca2+ excretion, ⬆️K+, and H+ excretion, ⬆️NaCl excretion Other effects and uses: edema, HTN, hypercalcemia Adverse effects: hyponatremia, hypokalemic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, tinnitus, allergy Contraindication: hyponatremia hypovolemia |
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Thiazides and congeners |
Location: EDT Mechanism: blocks NaCl reabsorption Renal effect: ⬆️Na+, K+, H+, Cl-, HCO3- excretion;⬇️Ca++, NH4+ excretion --> alkalosis; doesn't work if GFR is <30ml/min. Other effects: vasodilation Adverse effects: hypokalemic alkalosis, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidimia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia, sexual dysfunction, allergy Contraindication: diabetes mellitus, gout, anuria
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Potassium sparing diuretics |
Location: LDT Mechanism: aldosterone receptor antagonist,ENaC inhibition Renal effect: ⬆️NaCL excretion, ⬇️K+, Ca++, H+ excretion --> acidosis Other effects: nonsignificant Adverse effects: hyperkalemia, acidosis Contraindication: renal insufficiency, hepatic disease, B-blockers, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs |
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Chlorthalidone |
Thiazide |
