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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do diuretics do
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they promote excretion of water and electrolytes
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how do MOST diuretics work
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they are natriuretic; they increase na excretion which causes the water to follow
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what are the 2 loop diuretics
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furosemide and torsemide
-emide |
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what are the thiazides?
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chlorothiazide
hydrochlorothiazide chlorthalidone |
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what are the thiazide like drugs
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indamide and metolazone
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what are the k sparing drugs
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spironolactone
eplerenone ameloride triamterene |
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what is an example of the osmotic drug
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mannitol
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what allergy to watch for when prescribing the diuretics and why
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sulfa drug allergy cuz thiazide and loops look like them
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what ions are lost with diuretics
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na and the counter cl ion
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what are indications for diuretic use
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hypertension
chronic cyclic edema chronic renal failure na retention induced by other drugs hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria diabetes insipidus acute hyperuricaciduria various drug overdoses |
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what are the most efficacious diuretics
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loop - furosimide
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what does furosimide do
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blocks the active transport of ions in the loop of henle
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what occurs with loop diuretics?
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na and k transport is blocked
hypokalemia results and the greater loss of ca and mg in the urine |
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what is the acute response to loops
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increase in systemic venous capacitance (vasodilation)
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what do loops do to the heart
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decreases the left ventricular filling pressure
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what is a use of loops in cancer malignancy
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temporary way to reduce hypercalcemia
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when do you use loops for treatment of hypertension
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when thiazides do not work
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what does loops do to k
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induces hyopkalemia
therefore can treat pts with hyperkalemia with loops |
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if a patient has anion poisoning what do you give?
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loop
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what is the drug of choice to treat halide poisoning
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loop; syporter also reabsorbs fluoride, iodide, bromide
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what is a side effect of loops
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hypokalemia and hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
hyperuricemia hypomagnesemia hypovolemia |
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where is the k lost due to loop
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collecting tubule
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what does loops interact with
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aminoglycosides and digitalis(causing more k loss, and therefore arrhythmia)
sulfonylureas li nsaids- blunted diuretic response and thiazide - synergism |
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how long does it take for thiazides to work
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slow onset, long acting
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what is the efficacy of thiazides in comparison to loop
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they are less efficacious
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what side effects do thiazides cause
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hypokalemia and hyponatremia
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what are the uses of thiazides
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hypertension
diabetes insipidus non-emergency edematous states |
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what are adverse effects of thiazides
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hypokalemia
hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis hyperuricemia hyponatremia w/hypovolemia hyperglycemia allergic reactions erectile dysfunction |
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what drug is an aldosterone antagonist
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spironolactone
eplerenone |
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what are 2 drugs that prevent na transport in the collecting tubule and spares k
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amiloride and triamterene
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what drug has an anti-androgen effect
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spironolactone cuz of the same structure steroid therefore causes gynecomastia and impotence
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what is another use for osmotic diuretics
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to decrease the pressure and volume of intraocular fluid and csf
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