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2 Cards in this Set
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolaminde, PO Dorzolamide, topical (eye drops) |
Uses: Glaucoma, Epilepsy, Edema from heart failure, Alkalosis due to excessive use of thiazides or loop diuretics
MOA: inhibits carbonic anhydrase (CA) in proximal tubule Renal Effects: INCREASED Na+, K+, HCO3-, H2PO4- excretion; DECREASED NH4+, H+ excretion; alkaline urine pH; metabolic acidosis assoc. c/ hyperchloremia Pharm: PO, 100% bioavailability, urine excretion (90%) Effects: Parasthesia , Neprholithiasis, Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, Hypokalemia, sulfa-allergic reactions Contra: Hepatic cirrhosis, COPD, hypokalemia, allergies to sulfa drugs |
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Thiazides
Hydrochlorothiazide Indapamide |
Uses: HTN, Edema assoc. c/ heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, Ascites, Ca2+ nephrolithiasis, Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
MOA: inhibits Na+/Cl- cotransport in early distal convoluted tubule Renal Effects: INCREASED Na+, K+, H+, Mg++, Cl-, HCO3-, H2PO4- excretion; DECREASED Ca++, NH4+, urates; alkaline urine pH; metabolic acidosis, 5-10% max increase in Na+ excretion Vascular effects: arteriorlar vasodilation Pharm: PO, IM, IV Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, Dilutional hyponatremia, Hypochloremia, Hyeruricemia, Metabolic alkalosis, impaired glucose tolerance & hyperglycemia, postural hypotension (hypovolemia), sulfa-allergic derm. reactions Contra: hypovolemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, DM, Gout, hyperuricemia, digoxin, corticosteroid, anuria, hepatic disease, pregnancy |
