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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the symptoms of Kluver-Bucy syndrome? What area of the brain is damaged in this syndrome?
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Sx: hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior
Bilateral damage to the amygdala |
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What are the different stages of sleep? How do they differ from one another?
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Awake: beta, awake eyes closed: alpha
Stage1: light sleep, theta waves Stage 2: deeper sleep, bruxism, sleep spindles and K complexes Stage 3/4: deepest non-REM sleep, sleepwalking, night terrors, bedwetting, delta waves REM: dreaming, loss of motor tone, erections, increased brain oxygen use, beta waves At night, BATS Drink Blood |
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Your patient has facial angiofibroma, ash-leaf spots of skin depigmentation, history of seizures, and mental retardation. What condition does this patient have? What neoplasms is this patient at risk of developing?
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Tuberous sclerosis
At risk for: astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma |
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What factors increase a woman’s risk of developing a pregnancy-induced hypertension? What syndrome can be associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension? In what time frame would you expect to see pregnancy-induced hypertension in a pregnant woman?
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Increase risk: preexisting HTN, diabetes, chronic renal disease, autoimmune
Associated with HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated LFTs, low platelets) Caused by placental ischemia due to impaired vasodilation of spiral arteries resulting in increased vascular tone Occurs in 7% of pregnant women from 20 weeks gestation to 6 weeks postpartum |
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Which ketone body imparts a fruity odor to breath during ketoacidosis? Which ketone body is detected by a urine test?
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Acetone smells fruity
Urine test for ketons does not detect beta hydrixybutyrate but does detec acetoacetate |
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What are the vitamin K clotting factors? What drug antagonizes vitamin K? Why is heparin given concurrently as this particular drug is initiated?
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2, 7, 9, 10, C, S
Warfarin antagonizes vitamin K Heparin is given concurrently with warfarin since warfarin hits S and C first so you are hypercoagulable for the first few days. Do not remove heparin until you reach a therapeutic INR for a few days. |
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What factors must be in place in order for a patient to have the capacity to make a decision?
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2, 7, 9, 10, C, S
Warfarin antagonizes vitamin K Heparin is given concurrently with warfarin since warfarin hits S and C first so you are hypercoagulable for the first few days. Do not remove heparin until you reach a therapeutic INR for a few days. 1. Patient makes and communicates a choice 2. Patient is informed 3. Decision remains stable over time 4. Decision is consistent with patient's values or goals 5. Delusion is not a result of delusion or hallucination |
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find asthma?
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Type I
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find contact dermititis (poison ivy)?
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Type IV
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find Goodpasture's syndrome?
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Type II
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find Arthrus reaction?
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Type III
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find anaphylaxis?
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Type I
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find serum sickness?
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Type III
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
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Type II
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find transplant rejection?
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(graft vs host) Type IV
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find Rh incompatibility (erythroblastosis fetalis)?
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Type II
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Under which category of hypersensitivity do you find TB skin tests?
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Type IV
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Which diuretics lower serum calcium levels? Which diuretics cause calcium retention?
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Low serum calcium: loop diuretics
High serum calcium: thiazides |
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What are the beta-1-selective beta-blockers?
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Beta 1>beta 2
A BEAM Acetabutolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol |
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On which cells would you expect to find MHC I? MHC II?
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MHC I: all nucleated cells
HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C Antigen loaded in RER, mediates viral immunity Pairs with beta 2 microglobuin which aids in transport to cell surface MHC II: expressed only on antigen presenting cells HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ Antigen loaded following release of invariant chain in an acidified endosome |
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What electrolyte is particularly important in the treatment of a torsades de pointes arrhythmia?
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Magnesium
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What muscles compose the rotator cuff muscles?
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SItS
Supraspinatus: helps deltoid abduct arm Infraspinatus: laterally rotates arm teres minor: adducts and laterally rotates arm Subscapularis: medially rotates and adducts arm |
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Name the aminoglycosides.
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"Mean" GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin Mech: bactericidal by inhibiting formation of intiation complex and causing misreading of mRNA Require oxygen for uptake Use: severe gram negative infections, synergistic with beta lactams Tox: nephro (esp w cephalosporins), oto (esp w loop diuretics), teratogen |
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Name the tetracyclines.
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Tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline
Mech: bacteriostatic by bindind 30S and preventing attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA Do not take with milk, antacids, iron Use: VACUUM The BedRoom (Vibrio cholera, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma Urealytica, Mycoplasma pneumo, Tularemia, H pylori, Borrelia, Rickettsia Tox: Gi distress, discoloration of teeth and inhibition of bone growth in children, photosensitivity Contra: pregnancy |
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Name the macrolides.
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Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
Mech: bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis by blocking translocation byu binding 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit Use: URI, pneumoia, STD, gram pos cocci, myco, legionella, chlamydia, neisseria Tox: prolonged QT, GI, acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, rashes Increases serum concentration of theophyllines and oral anticoagulants |
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What are the two most common causes of chronic renal failure?
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v
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