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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which virus is responsible for erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)?
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B19
Family: Parvovirus DNA, ss - linear, non-enveloped Smallest DNA virus Also causes aplastic crisis in sickle cell, RBC destruction in fetus leading to hydrops fetalis and death |
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Which virus is responsible for hepatitis B?
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Family: Hepadnavirus
DNA, ds, partially circular, enveloped Not a retrovirus but carries reverse transcriptase |
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Which virus is responsible for warts and cervical cancer?
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HPV
Family: Papillomavirus DNA, ds, circular, naked |
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Which virus is responsible for smallpox?
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Family: Poxvirus
DNA, ds, linear, enveloped |
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Which virus is responsible for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV pts?
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JC
Family: Polyomavirus DNA, ds, circular, naked |
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Which virus is responsible for conjunctivitis?
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Family: Adenovirus
DNA, ds, linear, naked Also causes febrile pharyngitis, pneumonia |
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What nerves innervate the branchial arch structures?
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Arch 1: CN V2, V3--chewing
Arch 2: CN VII--facial expressions Arch 3: CN IX--stylopharyngeus Arch 4, 6: CN X--swallowing and speaking |
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Which tract of the spinal cord relays sensory information from the body?
Which tract relays pain and temperature sensation? Which tract relays motor sensation to the body? |
Sensory=dorsal column, medial lemniscus
-ascending pressure, vibration, tough, proprioception Pain and temp=spinothalamic Motor=lateral corticospinal tract -descending voluntary movement of contralateral limbs |
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What are the stages in the development of a spermatid?
Where does spermatogenesis take place? |
1. Spermatogonium (2N, 46c)
2. Primary spermatocyte (4N, 46 sister chromatids) 3. Secondary spermatocyte (2N, 23 sister chromatids) 4. Spermatid (N, 23 chromosomes) Occurs in the seminiferous tubules |
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What are the signs of right-sided heart failure?
What are the signs of left-sided heart failure? |
R: ankle edema, jugular venous distension
L: pulmonary edema, paroxysmal noctural dyspnea, dyspnea on exertion Both: orthopnea, hepatomegaly, fatigue, cardiac dilation |
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How does the emphysema caused by smoking differ from the emphysema caused by alpa-1- antitrypsin deficiency?
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Deficiency emphysema is panacinar and also has cirrhosis
Smoking emphysema is centriacinar |
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What is the V/Q at the apex of the lung? At the base of the lung? During airway obstruction? During blood flow obstruction?
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Apex: V/Q=3 (wasted ventilation)
Base:V/Q=0.6 (wasted perfusion) Air obstruction: 0 (shunts since 100% O2 does not improve sats) Blood obstruction: infinity (physiological dead space with 100% O2 improving sats) |
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Discuss the mechanism and time frame of hyperacute rejection.
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Antibody mediated (type II)
Presence of preformed antidonor antibodies in tranplant recipient Occurs within minutes |
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Discuss the mechanism and time frame of acute rejection.
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Cell mediated due to cytotoxic T cells reaction against foreigh MHC
Occurs weeks after transplantation Reversible with immunosuppressants |
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Discuss the mechanism and time frame of chronic rejection.
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T cell and antibody mediated vascular damage with obliterative vascular fibrosis
Occurs months to years after transplant Irreversable |
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What is the drug of choice for gonorrhea?
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2nd generation cephalosporins (cefoxitin, cefaclor, cefuroxime)
3rd generation for meningitis (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime) |
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What is the drug class used for Lyme disease or Rocky Mountain spotted fever?
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Tetracyclines
-tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, minocycline |
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What antibiotic is used as prophylaxis for those exposed to someone with H. influenza type B infection?
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Rifampin
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What drug is used as prophylaxis in someone with history of recurrent UTIs?
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TMP-sulfa
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What antibiotic is used to treat Giardia lamblia?
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Metronidazole
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Which antibiotic can be used to treat MRSA as well as C. diff colitis?
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Vancomycin
Mech: inhibits cell wall mucopeptide formation by binding D-ala-D-ala Adverse: nephrotoxic, ototoxic, thrombophlebitis, flushing |
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What lab abnormalities would you see in a patient with hyperaldosteronism? Why?
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Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Either aldosterone secreting tumor (primary)-- low plasma renin Or kidney perception of low intravascular volume leads to overactive RAAS from renal artery stenosis, chronic renal failure, CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic (has high plasma renin) |
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What is the equation for renal clearance?
What will this equation tell you about reabsorption and secretion at the renal tubules? |
Cx=UxV/Px
Cx<GFR=net tubular reab of x Cx>GFR=net tubular secretion of x Cx=GFR no net secretion or reab |
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Explain the relationship between renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone.
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Renin is released from the JG cells when there is decreased Na delivery to the MD cells. It converst angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II does a lot of things to keep water and will inactivate renin secretion.
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What lab abnormalities would you expect to see in a pt with SIADH?
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Very low Na, urine osmolarity>serum osmolarity
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What are the leading causes of death in infants?
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Congenital anomalies, short gestation/low birth weight, SIDS, maternal complications of pregnancy, RDS
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What is Budd-Chiari syndrome? What conditions are associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome?
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Occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins with centrilobular congestion and necrosis leading to congestive liver disease (hepatomegaly, ascites, abdominal pain, liver failure)
Associated with polycythemia vera, pregnancy, hepatocellular carcinoma |
