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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the classic presentation of a patient with temporal arteritis?
What lab finding helps diagnose temporal arteritis? |
Aka giant cell arteritis
-Most common vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries -Focal granulomatous inflammation -Most commonly affects elderly females -Sx: unilateral headache, jaw claudication, impaired vision -Findings: associated with an increased ESR, half of patients have systemic involvement and polymyalgia rheumatica -Tx: high dose steroids |
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What are the signs of portal hypertension?
What are the signs of liver failure? |
Portal HTN: esophageal varices with hematemesis and melena, splenomegaly, caput medusea, portal hypertensive gastroenteropathy, hemorrhoids
Liver Failure: coma, scleral icterus, fetor hepaticus (corpse smelling breath), spider nevi, gynecomastia, jaundice, testicular atrophy, liver flap=asterixis, bleeding tendency, anemia, ankle edema |
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see the foot process effacement on electron microscope?
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Common in all forms of glomerular injury with proteinuria
-eg. minimal change disease |
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see wire-loop appearance on light microscope?
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Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis due to SLE or MPGN
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see crescent-moon shaped lesions on light microscope?
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RPGN: rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see mesangial deposits of IgA on electron microscope?
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Berger's disease (IgA glomerulonephropathy)
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In which glomerular disease would you expect to see segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis on light microscope?
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Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
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What structures arise from the Mesonephric ducts?
What other name is given to the Mesonephric ducts? |
-Develops into male internal structures (except prostate)--Seminal vesicles, Epididymis, Ejaculatory duct, Ductus deferens
-aka Wolffian duct |
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What are the two types of diabetes insipidus?
What is the cause of each? |
-Sx: intense thirst, polyuria, inability to concentrate urine
Central DI: lack of ADH from pituitary tumor, trauma, surgery, histocytosis X Nephrogenic DI: lack of renal response to ADH due to hereditary or secondary hypercalcemia, lithium, demeclocycline |
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What is endometriosis?
What is the classic gross appearance? |
-Non-neoplastic endometrial glands/stroma in abnormal locations outside the uterus
-Characterized by cyclic bleeding from ectopic endometrial tissue resulting in "chocolate cysts" -Sx: severe mentrual-related pain -Often results in infertility |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of oral contraceptive use in females?
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Advantages:
-reliable (<1% failure) -decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer, ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic infections -regulation of menses Disadvantages: -no STD protection -increased triglycerides -depression, weight gain, HTN -hypercoagulable state |
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What are some of the distinctive clinical features of Williams syndrome?
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-Congenital microdeletion of long arm of chromosome 7
-Findings:distinctive "elfin" facies, mental retardation, hypercalcemia (increased sensitivity to vitamin D) well-developed language skills, extreme friendliness to strangers, cardiovascular problems |
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With which disorders would you expect to see bronchiectasis?
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-Kartagener's
-bronchial obstruction -CF -poor ciliary motility |
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Which collagen type is found in bone and tendons?
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Type I
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Which collagen type is found in epiphyseal plate?
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Type I?
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Which collagen type is found in main constituent of the basement membrane?
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Type IV
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Which collagen type is found in granulation tissue?
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Type III
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Which collagen type is found in late wound repair?
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Type I
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Which collagen type is found in cartilage?
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Type II
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Which collagen type is found in vitreous body and nucleus pulposus?
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Type II
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Which collagen type is found is also known as reticulin?
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Type III
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What are the side effects of the antiarrhythmic amiodarone?
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Class III anti-arrythmic (K channel blocker)
-pulmonary fibrosis -hepatotoxicity -hypothyroidism -hyperthyroidism -corneal deposits -skin deposits (blue/grey) resulting in photodermatitis -neurologic effects -constipation -cardiovascular: bradycarda, heart block, CHF |
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What is podagra?
What is pellagra? |
podagra=gout
pellagra=Vitamin B3 (niacin) deficiency-->diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia |
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What are the risk factors for a fat embolus?
What are the risk factors for a pulmonary embolus? |
Fat embolus risk: long bone fractures, liposuction
Pulmonary embolus: Virchow's triad 1. Stasis 2. Hypercoagulability 3. Endothelial damage |
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What lab findings are indicative of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?
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-decreased PC
-increased BT -increased PT -increased PTT -schistocytes -increased fibrin split products (D dimers) -decreased fibrinogen -decreased factor V, VIII Causes: Sepsis (gram-), Trauma, Obstetric complications, acute Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusion STOP Making New Thrombi |
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What is the most common urea cycle disorder?
What are the findings with this disorder? |
Ornithine transcarbamoylase deficincy (OCT)
-X-linked recessive Findings: orotic acid in blood and urine, decreased BUN, symptoms of hyperammonemia |
